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Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The efficacy of Licochalcone A (LicoA) and its two analogs were reported against <jats:italic>Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in vitro<\/jats:italic>, and in experimental model of <jats:italic>L. (L.) infantum in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Initially, LicoA and its analogs were screened against promastigote forms of <jats:italic>L. (L.) amazonensis<\/jats:italic>. LicoA was the most active compound, with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of 20.26 and 3.88 \u03bcM at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Against amastigote forms, the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value of LicoA was 36.84 \u03bcM at 48 h. In the next step, the effectivity of LicoA was evaluated <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> against promastigote and amastigote forms of <jats:italic>L. (L.) infantum<\/jats:italic>. Results demonstrated that LicoA exhibited leishmanicidal activity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> against promastigote forms with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of 41.10 and 12.47 \u03bcM at 24 and 48 h, respectively; against amastigote forms the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value was 29.58 \u03bcM at 48 h. Assessment of cytotoxicity demonstrated that LicoA exhibited moderate mammalian cytotoxicity against peritoneal murine macrophages; the CC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value was 123.21 \u03bcM at 48 h and showed about 30% of hemolytic activity at concentration of 400 \u03bcM. <jats:italic>L. (L.) infantum-<\/jats:italic>infected hamsters and treated with LicoA at 50 mg\/kg for eight consecutive days was able to significantly reduce the parasite burden in both liver and spleen in 43.67 and 39.81%, respectively, when compared with negative control group. These findings suggest that chalcone-type flavonoids can be a promising class of natural products to be considered in the search of new, safe, and effective compounds capable to treat canine visceral leishmaniosis (CVL).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T06:51:22Z","timestamp":1607583082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Licochalcone a Exhibits Leishmanicidal Activity in vitro and in Experimental Model of Leishmania (Leishmania) Infantum"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Julia M.","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9rica A. A.","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina B. 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