{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T12:17:55Z","timestamp":1789733875712,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> is a bacteria that causes leptospirosis and is transmitted through water, soil, or mud that is contaminated by the urine of infected animals. Although it is mainly associated with the urban environment, Leptospires also circulate in rural and wild environments. This study aimed to investigate the role of small mammals in leptospirosis epidemiology in the western Amazon, Brazil. In total, 103 animals from 23 species belonging to the orders Didelphimorphia and Rodentia were captured. Blood, kidney, and urine samples were collected and Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), <jats:italic>lip<\/jats:italic>L32 PCR, <jats:italic>sec<\/jats:italic>Y sequencing, and culturing were conducted. MAT was reactive on 1\/15 sera, and no bacterial isolate was obtained. PCR yielded 44.7% positive samples from 16 species. Twenty samples were genetically characterized and identified as <jats:italic>L. interrogans<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 12), <jats:italic>L. noguchii<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4), and <jats:italic>L. santarosai<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4). No statistical association was found between the prevalence of infection by <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp. in small mammals within carrier\/hosts species, orders, study area, and forest strata. Our results indicate a high prevalence of pathogenic <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp. in several rodent and marsupial species and report the first evidence of <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp. carrier\/hosts in the Brazilian Western Amazon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.569004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T04:40:58Z","timestamp":1606884058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Small Mammals as Carriers\/Hosts of Leptospira spp. in the Western Amazon Forest"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Luciana dos Santos","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan Christina","family":"Braga Domingos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Isabel Nogueira Di","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui Carlos","family":"Peruquetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narianne Ferreira","family":"de Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo S\u00e9rgio","family":"D'Andrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Luis de Moura","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charle Ferreira","family":"Cris\u00f3stomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahi Souto","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo Rodrigues","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipe Anibal","family":"Carvalho-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Lilenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004095","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004095","article-title":"Leptospirosis in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil : an ecosystem approach in the animal-human interface","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45059-8_6","article-title":"Animal leptospirosis","volume":"387","author":"Ellis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e302","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030302","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of leptospirosis in the Amazon","volume":"3","author":"Haake","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e213","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000213","article-title":"Human leptospirosis caused by a new, antigenically unique leptospira associated with a rattus species reservoir in the peruvian amazon","volume":"2","author":"Matthias","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.01.011","article-title":"Circulating Leptospira species identified in cattle of the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"191","author":"Guedes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007236","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007236","article-title":"The prevalence of Leptospira among invasive small mammals on Puerto Rican cattle farms","volume":"13","author":"Benavidez","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.15446\/rsap.v19n4.41626","article-title":"Papel de los roedores en la transmission de Leptospira spp. en granjas porcinas. 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