{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:28:02Z","timestamp":1784302082338,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The challenge of identifying alternatives to subtherapeutic levels of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in animal feed has led to increased interest in feed additives such as exogenous enzymes and direct-fed microbials (DFM). Six corn soy-based dietary treatments were designed to investigate the effect of high-efficiency xylanase alone, <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic> spp. probiotics alone, and their combination vs. a commonly used antibiotic growth promoter (bacitracin methylene disalicylate; BMD) on live performance and environmental <jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic> load of broiler chickens with eight replicate pens per treatment. Diets were as follows: standard diet (positive control; PC); 130 kcal\/kg reduced-energy diet (negative control; NC); NC with xylanase (NC + Xy); NC with probiotics (NC + Pro); NC with xylanase and probiotics mix (NC + XyPro); and NC with BMD (NC + BMD). Data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA. At 35 and 42 days, birds fed with NC + XyPro and NC + BMD were heavier (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) than birds fed with NC. Improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0001) was observed from 1 to 42 days by ~3 points in both NC + XyPro and NC + BMD compared to NC. The NC + XyPro reduced lesion scores by 66% compared to PC and NC. Litter <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic> cell count was reduced by ~16% with supplementation of XyPro or BMD. It can be concluded that a blend of xylanase (10 XU\/g feed) and <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic> spp. [1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> colony forming units (CFU)\/g feed] can be used as an alternative to AGP in low-energy broiler diets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.606415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T05:41:03Z","timestamp":1607319663000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Xylanase and Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM) Potential for Improvement of Live Performance, Energy Digestibility, and Reduction of Environmental Microbial Load of Broilers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Basheer","family":"Nusairat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeng-Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0050241","article-title":"Application of \u2018protozyme' (Aspergillus orizae) to poultry feeding","volume":"5","author":"Clickner","year":"1926","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0471842","article-title":"The availability of phytate phosphorus in soybean meal before and after treatment with a mold phytase","volume":"47","author":"Nelson","year":"1968","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/84.12.1860","article-title":"Carbohydrases, protease, and phytase have an additive beneficial effect in nutritionally marginal diets for broiler chicks","volume":"84","author":"Cowieson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex084","article-title":"Next-generation non-starch polysaccharide-degrading, multi-carbohydrase complex rich in xylanase and arabinofuranosidase to enhance broiler feed digestibility","volume":"96","author":"Cozannet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"23","article-title":"The chemistry of dietary fiber: a holistic view of the cell wall matrix. 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