{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:39:11Z","timestamp":1789015151340,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014750","name":"Universidad San Pablo - CEU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. is widely considered one of the most important zoonotic pathogens worldwide. The close contact between reptiles and their owners provides favourable conditions for the transmission of zoonotic pathogen infections, and ~6% of human salmonellosis cases are acquired after direct or indirect contact with reptiles. Moreover, antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important health threats of the twenty-first century and has been reported in\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains isolated from pet reptiles, which could entail therapeutic consequences for their owners and breeders. The aim of this study was to assess\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    carriage by pet reptiles in pet shops and households, and their role in the transmission of antimicrobial resistance, to inform the owners about the possible risks factors. During the period between January 2019 and December 2019, 54 reptiles from pet shops and 69 reptiles from households were sampled in the Valencian Region (Eastern Spain). Three different sample types were collected from each reptile: oral cavity, skin, and cloacal swabs.\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    identification was based on ISO 6579-1:2017 (Annex D), serotyped in accordance with Kauffman-White-Le-Minor technique, and antibiotic susceptibility was assessed according to Decision 2013\/652. The results of this study showed that 48% of the pet reptiles examined from households and pet shops carry\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. All the strains isolated presented resistance to at least one antibiotic, and 72% were multidrug-resistant strains, the most frequently observed resistance patterns being gentamicin-colistin and gentamicin-colistin-ampicillin. The present study demonstrates that pet reptiles could be a source of human multidrug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. In this context, the most optimal prevention of multidrug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections necessarily involves strict control of the sanitary status of reptile pet shops and hygienic handling by the individual owners at home.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.613718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T23:54:04Z","timestamp":1609890844000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Pet Reptiles: A Potential Source of Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Clara","family":"Marin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Lorenzo-Rebenaque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Laso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Villora-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"USDA ERS\u2014Cost Estimates of Foodborne Illnesses.2014"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Interventions for the Control of Non-typhoidal Salmonella spp","year":"2016"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2019.5926","article-title":"The European Union One Health 2018 zoonoses report","volume":"17","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S253","DOI":"10.1086\/381594","article-title":"Reptiles, amphibians, and human Salmonella infection: a population-based, case-control study","volume":"38","author":"Mermin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B5","first-page":"60","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEDIAF Annual Report 2019. RunSignup"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12240","article-title":"Global trade in exotic pets 2006-2012","volume":"28","author":"Bush","year":"2014","journal-title":"Conserv Biol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1556\/030.63.2016.2.5","article-title":"Salmonella infection in healthy pet reptiles: bacteriological isolation and study of some pathogenic characters","volume":"63","author":"Bertelloni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0084-3954(10)79733-5","article-title":"Multistate outbreak of Salmonella infections associated with small turtle exposure, 2007\u20132008","volume":"2011","author":"Stockman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Yearb Pediatr."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1785","article-title":"Salmonella isolates in the introduced asian house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) with emphasis on Salmonella Weltevreden, in two regions in Costa Rica","volume":"15","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12808","article-title":"Salmonella serotypes isolated in geckos kept in seven collections in southern Italy","volume":"59","author":"Russo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9530732","article-title":"Identification and characterization of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens, and C. difficile isolates from reptiles in brazil","volume":"2019","author":"Ramos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-56-7","article-title":"Salmonella isolated from individual reptiles and environmental samples from terraria in private households in Sweden","volume":"56","author":"Wikstr\u00f6m","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2017.07.020","article-title":"Domestic reptiles as source of zoonotic bacteria: a mini review","volume":"10","author":"Ebani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2019-1","article-title":"Comparison of the phylogenetic analysis of PFGE profiles and the characteristic of virulence genes in clinical and reptile associated Salmonella strains","volume":"15","author":"Dudek","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-1735","article-title":"Outbreaks of salmonellosis from small turtles","volume":"137","author":"Walters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0931-1793.2003.00710.x","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. in pet mammals, reptiles, fish aquarium water, and birds in Trinidad","volume":"50","author":"Seepersadsingh","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vet Med Ser B Infect Dis Vet Public Heal"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2011.01403.x","article-title":"Foodborne outbreak of Salmonella subspecies IV infections associated with contamination from bearded dragons","volume":"58","author":"Lowther","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.01.024","article-title":"Salmonella serotypes in reptiles and humans, French Guiana","volume":"170","author":"Gay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2018.140","article-title":"Prevalence of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica in red-eared sliders trachemys scripta elegans retailed in pet shops in Japan","volume":"72","author":"Kuroki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B20","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations","author":"O'Neill","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance Chaired"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2019.5598","article-title":"The European union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2017","volume":"17","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-080X.186181","article-title":"Tackling drug-resistant infections globally","volume":"7","author":"O'Neill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Antimicrob Resist."},{"key":"B23","unstructured":"Ten Threats to Global Health in 2019.2019"},{"key":"B24","unstructured":"TacconelliE\n            CarraraE\n            SavoldiA\n            KattulaD\n            BurkertF\n          Global Priority List of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria to Guide Research, Discovery, and Development of New Antibiotics.2017"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2012.1372","article-title":"Diversity of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pulsotypes, serovars, and antibiotic resistance among Salmonella. isolates from wild amphibians and reptiles in the California Central Coast","volume":"10","author":"Gorski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2015.2107","article-title":"Turtles as a possible reservoir of nontyphoidal Salmonella in Shanghai, China","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2018.2557","article-title":"Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis infections in sporadic diarrhea in children: source tracing and resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin","volume":"16","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.1.306-312.2006","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated high-level gentamicin resistance among enteric bacteria isolated from pet turtles in Louisiana","volume":"72","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2012.09.008","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolated from tegus (Tupinambis spp.)","volume":"21","author":"Giacopello","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Exot Pet Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2019.05.007","article-title":"Complex bacterial flora of imported pet tortoises deceased during quarantine: another zoonotic threat?","volume":"65","author":"Go\u0142awska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/104063871002200107","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonellae isolates from reptiles in Taiwan","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Diagnostic Investig."},{"key":"B32","first-page":"11370","article-title":"Royal Degree 53\/2013, 1st of Febrary, por el que se establecen las normas b\u00e1sicas aplicables para la protecci\u00f3n de los animales utilizados en experimentaci\u00f3n y otros fines cient\u00edficos, incluyendo la docencia","volume":"34","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn Oficial del Estado"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.46.20634","article-title":"Evidence for the transmission of Salmonella from reptiles to children in Germany, July 2010 to October 2011","volume":"18","author":"Pees","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance."},{"key":"B34","volume-title":"Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs. Horizontal Method for the Detection of Salmonella spp. 6579-1:2017","year":"2017"},{"key":"B35","volume-title":"Antigenic Formulae of the Salmonella Serovars","author":"Grimont","year":"2007"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"O255","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12373","article-title":"Development of the EUCAST disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing method and its implementation in routine microbiology laboratories","volume":"20","author":"Matuschek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"B37","unstructured":"Commission Implementing Decision of 12 November 2013 on the Monitoring and Reporting of Antimicrobial Resistance in Zoonotic and Commensal Bacteria (Notified Under Document C(2013) 7145).2013"},{"key":"B38","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Twenty\u2014fourth Informational Supplement","year":"2014"},{"key":"B39","unstructured":"32506308New Definitions of S, I and R from 2019.2019"},{"key":"B40","article-title":"(European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control)","volume-title":"EU Protocol for Harmonised Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Salmonella and Campylobacter Isolates","year":"2016"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6525a3","article-title":"Notes from the field: four multistate outbreaks of human Salmonella infections linked to small turtle exposure\u2014United States, 2015","volume":"65","author":"Gambino-Shirley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12701","article-title":"Outbreak of human infections with uncommon Salmonella serotypes linked to pet bearded dragons, 2012\u20132014","volume":"67","author":"Kiebler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7020056","article-title":"Veterinary sciences a review of the public health challenges of salmonella and turtles","volume":"7","author":"Sodagari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Sci."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.67.97","article-title":"Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in pet reptiles in Japan","volume":"67","author":"Nakadai","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.1950","article-title":"Tiny turtles purchased at pet stores are a potential high risk for Salmonella human infection in the Valencian Region, Eastern Spain","volume":"16","author":"Marin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1638\/2014-0098R1.1","article-title":"Prevalence of Salmonella in captive reptiles from Croatia","volume":"46","author":"Lukac","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2004.08.002","article-title":"Salmonella enterica isolates from faeces of domestic reptiles and a study of their antimicrobial in vitro sensitivity","volume":"78","author":"Ebani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e72350","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072350","article-title":"Free-living turtles are a reservoir for Salmonella but not for campylobacter","volume":"8","author":"Marin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.248.9.1050","article-title":"Salmonella infection and carriage in reptiles in a zoological collection","volume":"248","author":"Clancy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0220145","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220145","article-title":"Reptiles in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) are a reservoir of major human Salmonella enterica serovars","volume":"14","author":"Guyomard-Rabenirina","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2013.09.019","article-title":"M\u00e9ningite \u00e0 Salmonelle chez un nourrisson due \u00e0 une tortue domestique","volume":"22","author":"Ricard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-020-0502-0","article-title":"Prevalence of Salmonella serovars isolated from reptiles in Norwegian zoos","volume":"62","author":"Bjelland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1103.040694","article-title":"Effect of regulation and education on reptile-associated salmonellosis","volume":"11","author":"De Jong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-10182015000400013","article-title":"Salmonella spp. Gastroenteritis associated to pet turtles in three infants","volume":"32","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Chil Infectol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2207.150685","article-title":"Turtle-associated salmonellosis, United States, 2006-2014","volume":"22","author":"Bosch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2004.00631.x","article-title":"Salmonella diversity associated with wild reptiles and amphibians in Spain","volume":"6","author":"Briones","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2006.02977.x","article-title":"Isolation of Salmonella from environmental samples collected in the reptile department of Antwerp Zoo using different selective methods","volume":"101","author":"Bauwens","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822001000400007","article-title":"Salmonella in Brazilian and imported pet reptiles","volume":"32","author":"Abalem De S\u00e1","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brazilian J Microbiol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(01)00437-0","article-title":"Salmonella enterica in reptiles of German and Austrian origin","volume":"84","author":"Geue","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens6010001","article-title":"A review of Salmonella and squamates (Lizards, snakes and amphisbians): implications for public health","volume":"6","author":"Whiley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathogens."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2008.01118.x","article-title":"A multi-state Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak associated with frozen vacuum-packed rodents used to feed snakes","volume":"55","author":"Fuller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12442","article-title":"Outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium associated with feeder rodents","volume":"65","author":"Vrbova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2017.04.005","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing reveals an outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis associated with reptile feeder mice in the United Kingdom, 2012-2015","volume":"71","author":"Kanagarajah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2295","article-title":"Commercial frozen mice used by owners to feed reptiles are highly externally contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis PT8","volume":"18","author":"Marin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12205","article-title":"A multistate investigation of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype I 4,[5],12:i:-Infections as part of an International Outbreak Associated with Frozen Feeder Rodents","volume":"63","author":"Cartwright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1980.03300380027016","article-title":"Turtle-associated salmonellosis in the United States. Effect of Public Health Action, 1970 to 1976","volume":"243","author":"Cohen","year":"1980","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B67","first-page":"207","article-title":"Microbiological quality of petfood in Poland","volume":"7","author":"Wojdat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pol J Vet Sci."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.08.02.00400-en","article-title":"Antimicrobial drug resistance in isolates of Salmonella enterica from cases of salmonellosis in humans in Europe in 2000: results of international multi-centre surveillance","volume":"8","author":"Threlfall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-012-0130-4","article-title":"Prevalence, serovars, phage types, and antibiotic susceptibilities of Salmonella strains isolated from animals in the United Arab Emirates from 1996 to 2009","volume":"44","author":"M\u00fcnch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod."},{"key":"B70","first-page":"177","article-title":"Aislamiento de Salmonella en tiendas de mascotas de reptiles y su suceptibilidad a los antibioticos en Indonesia","volume":"8","author":"Arnafia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Vet Med Int J Bioflux Soc Res Artic."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2016.05.017","article-title":"Trade in live reptiles, its impact on wild populations, and the role of the European market","volume":"204","author":"Auliya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Conserv."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-016-0089-y","article-title":"Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA)","volume":"11","author":"Sartelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7100461","article-title":"Global burden of colistin-resistant bacteria: mobilized colistin resistance genes study (1980\u20132018)","volume":"7","author":"Elbediwi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140085","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0085","article-title":"The livestock reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: a personal view on changing patterns of risks, effects of interventions and the way forward","volume":"370","author":"Aarestrup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2017.4872","article-title":"ECDC\/EFSA\/EMA second joint report on the integrated analysis of the consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from humans and food-producing animals: Joint Interagency Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistan","volume":"15","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"B76","unstructured":"Informe JIACRA Espa\u00f1a11652018"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00002-15","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis, antimicrobial resistance, and antimicrobial management of invasive Salmonella infections","volume":"28","author":"Crump","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"B78","unstructured":"Categorisation of Antibiotics in the European Union.2019"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12500","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime after a single intramuscular injection in wild turtles","volume":"41","author":"Cerreta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2020.613718\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T23:54:16Z","timestamp":1609890856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2020.613718\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2020.613718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2020.613718","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"article-number":"613718"}}