{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T11:22:24Z","timestamp":1764588144016,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hoxa1 mutation adversely affect fetal pig development, but whether all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) administration to Hoxa1<jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>pregnant sows can improve Hoxa1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>fetal pig development defects has not been reported. A total of 24 healthy Hoxa1<jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>sows were mated with a healthy Hoxa1<jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>boar and randomly assigned to one control group and nine experiment groups. ATRA was orally administered to pregnant sows at the doses of 0, 4, 5, or 6 mg\/kg maternal body weight on 12, 13, and 14 days post coitum (dpc), respectively, and a total of 146 live piglets were delivered including 37 Hoxa1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>piglets and 109 non-Hoxa1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>piglets. Results indicated that Hoxa1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>piglets delivered by sows in control group had bilateral microtia, canal atresia and ear's internal defects, and had lower birth liveweight and external ear score than non-Hoxa1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>neonatal piglets (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.05). Maternal administration with ATRA can effectively correct the development defects of Hoxa1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>fetal pigs, Hoxa1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>neonatal piglets delivered by sows administered ATRA at a dose of 4 mg\/kg body weight on 14 dpc had higher birth liveweight (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;gt; 0.05) and higher scores of external ear (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.05) compared to Hoxa1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>neonatal piglets from the control group, but had no significantly difference in terms of birth liveweight and external ear integrity than non-Hoxa1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>piglets from the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;gt; 0.05). The time of ATRA administration significantly affected Hoxa1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>fetal development (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.05). Administration of ATRA to Hoxa1<jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>pregnant sows at 4 mg\/kg body weight on 14 dpc can effectively improve the birth liveweight and ear defects of Hoxa1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>piglets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.618660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T22:34:17Z","timestamp":1610490857000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Administration of All-Trans Retinoic Acid to Pregnant Sows Improves the Developmental Defects of Hoxa1\u2212\/\u2212 Fetal 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