{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:48:13Z","timestamp":1771663693032,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Computed tomography (CT) is the imaging modality of choice to evaluate patients with acute head trauma. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be chosen in select cases. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the agreement of MRI with CT in the assessment for presence or absence of acute skull fractures in a canine and feline cadaver model, compare seven different MRI sequences (T1-W, T2-W, T2-FLAIR, PD-W, T2<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>-W, \u201cSPACE\u201d and \u201cVIBE\u201d), and determine agreement of four different MRI readers with CT data. Pre- and post-trauma CT and MRI studies were performed on 10 canine and 10 feline cadaver heads. Agreement of MRI with CT as to presence or absence of a fracture was determined for 26 individual osseous structures and four anatomic regions (cranium, face, skull base, temporomandibular joint). Overall, there was 93.5% agreement in assessing a fracture as present or absent between MRI and CT, with a significant difference between the pre and post trauma studies (99.4 vs. 87.6%;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.0001; OR 0.042; 95% CI 0.034\u20130.052). There was no significant difference between dogs and cats. The agreement for the different MRI sequences with CT ranged from 92.6% (T2<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>-W) to 94.4% (PD-W). There was higher agreement of MRI with CT in the evaluation for fractures of the face than other anatomic regions. Agreement with CT for individual MRI readers ranged from 92.6 to 94.7%. A PD-W sequence should be added to the MR protocol when evaluating the small animal head trauma patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.603775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T04:38:16Z","timestamp":1619066296000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Agreement of Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Computed Tomography in the Assessment for Acute Skull Fractures in a Canine and Feline Cadaver Model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Silke","family":"Hecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly M.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aude","family":"Castel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"IV","given":"John F.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrien-Maxence","family":"Hespel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaocun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12368","article-title":"Prognostic value of early magnetic resonance imaging in dogs after traumatic brain injury: 50 cases","volume":"28","author":"Beltran","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2013.03.002","article-title":"Updates in the management of the small animal patient with neurologic trauma","volume":"43","author":"DiFazio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X18819183","article-title":"Feline head trauma: a CT analysis of skull fractures and their management in 75 cats","volume":"21","author":"Knight","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2017.08.005","article-title":"Head trauma","volume":"48","author":"Kuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1979.tb06679.x","article-title":"A survey of bone fractures in the dog and cat","volume":"20","author":"Phillips","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00468.x","article-title":"Severe blunt trauma in dogs: 235 cases (1997\u20132003)","volume":"19","author":"Simpson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.11.1222","article-title":"Results of magnetic resonance imaging performed within 48 hours after head trauma in dogs and association with outcome: 18 cases (2007\u20132012)","volume":"246","author":"Yanai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X18819162","article-title":"MRI in 30 cats with traumatic brain injury","volume":"21","author":"Caine","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E17","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.9.FOCUS19652","article-title":"Advanced neuroimaging in traumatic brain injury: an overview","volume":"47","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20102","article-title":"Neuroimaging of traumatic brain injury","volume":"76","author":"Le","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119421399","article-title":"Brain. 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