{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:30:22Z","timestamp":1790998222922,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Pain management for cats with degenerative joint disease (DJD) remains a critical unmet need. Recent work has shown promise for a feline-specific anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibody (frunevetmab) to deliver safe and effective pain management. Our objectives were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of frunevetmab administered twice using two administration routes (subcutaneous and intravenous) compared to placebo.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This was a randomized placebo-controlled, double-masked study. After a week-long pain and activity baseline, 126 cats were randomized to receive injections of frunevetmab (IV then SC;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 42 or SC then SC;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 43) or placebo (IV then SC;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 41) on Days 0 and 28. Owners completed questionnaires on Days 14, 28, 42, and 56. Accelerometry data were collected continuously throughout.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Owner questionnaire results showed significant improvement in frunevetmab-treated cats [compared to placebo; (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05)] at Days 42 and 56; no difference was found between routes of administration for frunevetmab. All groups had decreased objectively measured weekly activity from baseline; frunevetmab-treated cats had a mean decrease of 0.9%, while placebo-treated cats had a mean decrease of 9.3%. Treatments were generally well-tolerated. The majority of adverse events included dermatitis\/alopecia related to activity-monitor collars; these occurred in a higher percentage of frunevetmab, compared to placebo, treated cats.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Treatment with frunevetmab provided improvements in owner ratings of mobility over treatment with placebo; these results were supported by objectively measured accelerometry. Frunevetmab has the potential to address a critical gap in the treatment of chronic pain in cats.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.610028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T10:07:47Z","timestamp":1622196467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of an Anti-nerve Growth Factor Antibody (Frunevetmab) for the Treatment of Degenerative Joint Disease-Associated Chronic Pain in Cats: A Multisite Pilot Field Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Margaret E.","family":"Gruen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie A. E.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. Duncan X.","family":"Lascelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00708.x","article-title":"Cross-sectional study of the prevalence of radiographic degenerative joint disease in domesticated cats","volume":"39","author":"Lascelles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Surg."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.12.014","article-title":"Cross-sectional study of the prevalence and clinical features of osteoarthritis in 100 cats","volume":"187","author":"Slingerland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12312","article-title":"Detection of clinically relevant pain relief in cats with degenerative joint disease associated pain","volume":"28","author":"Gruen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.253.5.579","article-title":"Assessment of the effects of gabapentin on activity levels and owner-perceived mobility impairment and quality of life in osteoarthritic geriatric cats","volume":"253","author":"Guedes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.252.5.565","article-title":"Evaluation of tramadol for treatment of osteoarthritis in geriatric cats","volume":"252","author":"Guedes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12360","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of an oral transmucosal spray formulation of meloxicam alone or in combination with tramadol in cats with naturally occurring osteoarthritis","volume":"43","author":"Monteiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13972","article-title":"A Feline-Specific Anti-Nerve Growth Factor Antibody Improves Mobility In Cats With Degenerative Joint Disease-Associated Pain: A Pilot Proof Of Concept Study","volume":"30","author":"Gruen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X20967639","article-title":"Owner evaluation of quality of life and mobility in osteoarthritic cats treated with amantadine or placebo","author":"Shipley","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0175565","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175565","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of tramadol in cats with naturally occurring osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Monteiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15590870","article-title":"Clinical safety of robenacoxib [Onsior (TM)] in cats with chronic musculo-skeletal disorder or osteoarthritis","volume":"41","author":"King","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.77.7.688","article-title":"Safety and toxicokinetic profiles associated with daily oral administration of grapiprant, a selective antagonist of the prostaglandin E-2 EP4 receptor, to cats","volume":"77","author":"Rausch-Derra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13511446","article-title":"Prevalence and classification of chronic kidney disease in cats randomly selected from four age groups and in cats recruited for degenerative joint disease studies","volume":"16","author":"Marino","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X12454418","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of the effects of meloxicam on the longevity of aged cats with and without overt chronic kidney disease","volume":"14","author":"Gowan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2011.06.008","article-title":"Retrospective case-control study of the effects of long-term dosing with meloxicam on renal function in aged cats with degenerative joint disease","volume":"13","author":"Gowan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31821b1ac5","article-title":"Antagonism of nerve growth factor-TrkA signaling and the relief of pain","volume":"115","author":"Mantyh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.20","article-title":"Biologics in the treatment of chronic pain: a new era of therapy?","volume":"97","author":"Bannwarth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0208-6","article-title":"Targeting nerve growth factor (NGF) for pain management: what does the future hold for NGF antagonists?","volume":"74","author":"Bannwarth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drugs."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0901510","article-title":"Tanezumab for the treatment of pain from osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"363","author":"Lane","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.05.051","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of fulranumab, an anti-nerve growth factor antibody, in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe osteoarthritis pain","volume":"154","author":"Sanga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.03.018","article-title":"Fasinumab (REGN475), an antibody against nerve growth factor for the treatment of pain: results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study in osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"155","author":"Tiseo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204905","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tanezumab monotherapy or combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of knee or hip osteoarthritis pain","volume":"74","author":"Schnitzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104590","article-title":"Anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibodies for the control of pain in dogs and cats","volume":"184","author":"Enomoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Rec."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-226","article-title":"A fully caninised anti-NGF monoclonal antibody for pain relief in dogs","volume":"9","author":"Gearing","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.75.6.532","article-title":"Canine Brief Pain Inventory scores for dogs with osteoarthritis before and after administration of a monoclonal antibody against nerve growth factor","volume":"75","author":"Webster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0413-x","article-title":"A canine-specific anti-nerve growth factor antibody alleviates pain and improves mobility and function in dogs with degenerative joint disease-associated pain","volume":"11","author":"Lascelles","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13985","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo characterization of a fully felinized therapeutic anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibody for the treatment of pain in cats","volume":"30","author":"Gearing","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00648.x","article-title":"Meniscal mineralization in domestic cats","volume":"39","author":"Freire","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Surg."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01803.x","article-title":"Radiographic evaluation of feline appendicular degenerative joint disease vs. macroscopic appearance of articular cartilage","volume":"52","author":"Freire","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0131839","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131839","article-title":"Criterion validation testing of clinical metrology instruments for measuring degenerative joint disease associated mobility impairment in cats","volume":"10","author":"Gruen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02983.x","article-title":"Evaluation of client-specific outcome measures and activity monitoring to measure pain relief in cats with osteoarthritis","volume":"21","author":"Lascelles","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2007.00367.x","article-title":"Evaluation of a digitally integrated accelerometer-based activity monitor for the measurement of activity in cats","volume":"35","author":"Lascelles","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12077","article-title":"Feline musculoskeletal pain index: responsiveness and testing of criterion validity","volume":"27","author":"Benito","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104168","article-title":"Caregiver placebo effect in analgesic clinical trials for cats with naturally occurring degenerative joint disease-associated pain","volume":"180","author":"Gruen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Rec."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00349-9","article-title":"Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale","volume":"94","author":"Farrar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2003.09.004","article-title":"Minimal clinically important changes in chronic musculoskeletal pain intensity measured on a numerical rating scale","volume":"8","author":"Salaffi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Pain."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.013","article-title":"OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis: part III: changes in evidence following systematic cumulative update of research published through January 2009","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.12.013","article-title":"OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, part II: OARSI evidence-based, expert consensus guidelines","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.07.013","article-title":"Numbers-needed-to-treat analyses\u2013do timing, dropouts, and outcome matter? Pooled analysis of two randomized, placebo-controlled chronic low back pain trials","volume":"151","author":"Moore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.07.001","article-title":"Measurement of chronic pain in companion animals: Discussions from the Pain in Animals Workshop (PAW) 2017","volume":"250","author":"Lascelles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.04.013","article-title":"Measuring pain in dogs and cats using structured behavioural observation","volume":"236","author":"Reid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X18758176","article-title":"Development, initial validation and reliability testing of a web-based, generic feline health-related quality-of-life instrument","volume":"21","author":"Noble","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.01.009","article-title":"Characterization of osteoarthritis in cats and meloxicam efficacy using objective chronic pain evaluation tools","volume":"196","author":"Guillot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0495.x","article-title":"Evaluation of a therapeutic diet for feline degenerative joint disease","volume":"24","author":"Lascelles","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Int Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14192","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50623-0","article-title":"Functional linear modeling of activity data shows analgesic-mediated improved sleep in dogs with spontaneous osteoarthritis pain","volume":"9","author":"Gruen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2011.07.003","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of hospital visit stress on physiologic parameters in the cat","volume":"13","author":"Quimby","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.610028\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T10:07:50Z","timestamp":1622196470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.610028\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2021.610028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.610028","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"article-number":"610028"}}