{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T13:06:38Z","timestamp":1775307998791,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000308","name":"Carnegie Corporation of New York","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000308","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>ssp.<jats:italic>paratuberculosis<\/jats:italic>(MAP) is the cause of Johne's disease (JD) in a wide range of domestic and wild ruminants. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several genes including solute-like carrier 11A1 (SLC11A1), interferon gamma (IFN\u03b3), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 gene (NOD2), and bovine peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) have been implicated in influencing the infection outcome of MAP in cattle. We have carried out a survey in a population of Ankole cattle from three districts in the central region of Uganda including Isingiro, Lyantonde, and Rakai to determine the role played by several SNPs on the above genes in the infection outcome of local cattle in Uganda. Nine hundred fifty-five heads of cattle obtained from 93 herds were tested using ELISA. Thirty-five ELISA-positive cattle and 35 negative herd mates from a total of 955 cattle tested for MAP were genotyped using iPLEX MassARRAY genotyping systems to detect the presence of a total of 13 SNPS in five different genes (SLC11A1, IFN\u03b3, TLR4, NOD2, and PGLYRP1). The cow-level prevalence of MAP infection in Ankole Longhorn cattle in the three districts was 3.98% (35\/955), while the herd-level prevalence was 27.9% and within-herd prevalence was 12 \u00b1 1.5% (95% CI = 9.1\u201314.8%). The genotypes and allele frequencies of the MAP-positive cattle were compared with those of their ELISA-negative herd mates to determine the significance of the polymorphisms. The results showed that SNPs rs109915208, rs110514940, and rs110905610 on SLC11A1, c.480G&amp;gt;A and c.625C&amp;gt;A on PGLYRP1, and c.2021C&amp;gt;T on TLR4 were monomorphic in both seropositive and seronegative cattle and therefore had no influence on the infection outcome. The remaining SNPs studied in the five genes [<jats:italic>SLC11A1<\/jats:italic>: rs109614179;<jats:italic>TLR4<\/jats:italic>: rs29017188 (c.226G&amp;gt;C), c.2021C&amp;gt;T; NOD2: rs110536091, rs111009394;<jats:italic>PGLYRP1<\/jats:italic>: c.102G&amp;gt;C, c.480G&amp;gt;A, c.625C&amp;gt;A;<jats:italic>IFN<\/jats:italic>\u03b3: rs110853455] were polymorphic, but their allele and genotype frequencies did not show any significant difference between the seropositive and seronegative cattle. No significant difference was observed for any haplotype at the gene level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.614518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T18:13:52Z","timestamp":1613240032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Survey of Candidate Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in SLC11A1, TLR4, NOD2, PGLYRP1, and IFN\u03b3 in Ankole Longhorn Cattle in Central Region of Uganda to Determine Their Role in Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection Outcome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Julius Boniface","family":"Okuni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Afayoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lonzy","family":"Ojok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2017.1397301","article-title":"Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis- an important food borne pathogen of high public health significance with special reference to India: an update","volume":"37","author":"Chaubey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.01.007","article-title":"Economic consequences of paratuberculosis control in dairy cattle: a stochastic modeling study","volume":"138","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8071007","article-title":"Paratuberculosis: a potential zoonosis and a neglected disease in Africa","volume":"8","author":"Okuni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.07.012","article-title":"Epidemiology and economics of paratuberculosis","volume":"27","author":"Lombard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am - 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