{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T22:36:38Z","timestamp":1791585398751,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porcine cysticercosis, human taeniasis, and (neuro)cysticercosis are endemic in many low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where they present a significant health burden to affected communities. Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the leading causes of human epilepsy in many hyperendemic regions in Latin America, Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports an estimated 2.5\u20138.3 million cases of NCC annually with a disability-adjusted life year (DALY) burden of 2.8 million, but as for all neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), these values are likely to be underestimated. Diagnosis of NCC is complex and most accurately diagnosed using clinical neuroimaging that is unavailable in most hyperendemic regions in LMIC. On January 28, 2021, WHO will launch its road map for the NTDs' \u201cEnding the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021\u20132030.\u201d Taeniasis\/cysticercosis is targeted for control success considered as steady increase in the number of countries with intensified control in hyperendemic areas [increasing from 2 (3%) in 2020 to 4 (6%) in 2023, to 9 (14%) by 2025, and to 17 (27%) by 2030]. Cross-cutting targets that include 100% access to at least basic water supply, sanitation, and hygiene in areas endemic for NTDs and 75% integrated treatment coverage for preventative chemotherapy will additionally impact on the taeniasis\/cysticercosis\/NCC complex. With no vaccine available for humans, prevention of infection depends on communication to the public of the life cycle of a complex zoonosis to promote behavior change, underpinned by practical control measures including treatment of human taeniasis and (neuro)cysticercosis with albendazole and praziquantel [widely used as part of the mass drug administration (MDA) deworming programs], surgery where appropriate, and effective vaccination and deworming for pigs supported by meat inspection. Here, we review recent advances in tools and implementation for<jats:italic>Taenia solium<\/jats:italic>taeniasis\/(neuro)cysticercosis (TSTC) control and milestones on the onward path to elimination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.615703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T04:22:57Z","timestamp":1620620577000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Neurocysticercosis: Current Perspectives on Diagnosis and Management"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Butala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. M.","family":"Brook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayodele O.","family":"Majekodunmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan Christina","family":"Welburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.11.015","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis infection and disease\u2013A review","volume":"166","author":"Gripper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"CDC - Cysticercosis - Resources for Health Professionals2019"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e870","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000870","article-title":"A systematic review of the frequency of neurocyticercosis with a focus on people with epilepsy","volume":"4","author":"Ndimubanzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-017-0245-y","article-title":"The causal relationship between neurocysticercosis infection and the development of epilepsy - a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Gripper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1152","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001152","article-title":"Clinical manifestations associated with neurocysticercosis: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"L\u00e8 Ne Carabin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e194","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000194","article-title":"Albendazole versus praziquantel in the treatment of neurocysticercosis: a meta-analysis of comparative trials","volume":"2","author":"Matthaiou","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0067","article-title":"Neglected endemic zoonoses","volume":"364","author":"Maudlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.04.011","article-title":"The neglected zoonoses-the case for integrated control and advocacy","volume":"21","author":"Welburn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S73249","article-title":"Managing neurocysticercosis: challenges and solutions","volume":"8","author":"Fogang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.017","article-title":"Estimation of the health and economic burden of neurocysticercosis in India","volume":"165","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e406","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000406","article-title":"The disease burden of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Cameroon","volume":"3","author":"Praet","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70094-8","article-title":"Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis","volume":"13","author":"Garcia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60692-4","article-title":"Global, regional, national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"386","author":"Vos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005646","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005646","article-title":"Extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis: demographic, clinicoradiological, inflammatory features","volume":"11","author":"Sierra","year":"","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00097-3","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis","volume":"121","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2020.1707667","article-title":"Twenty-five years of evolution of standard diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis. How have they impacted diagnosis and patient outcomes?","volume":"20","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2020.1761332","article-title":"Current approaches to cysticidal drug therapy for neurocysticercosis","volume":"18","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2007001200013","article-title":"Cysticercosis-related mortality in the State of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, 1985-2004: a study using multiple causes of death","volume":"23","author":"Santo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publ"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1302.060527","article-title":"Deaths from cysticercosis, United States","volume":"13","author":"Sorvillo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.2.177","article-title":"Proposed diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis Europe PMC Funders Group","volume":"57","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.11.045","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis","volume":"372","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24732","article-title":"New diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis: reliability and validity","volume":"80","author":"Carpio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1086\/597757","article-title":"Detection of Taenia solium antigens and anti-T. solium antibodies in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with intraparenchymal or extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis","volume":"199","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05428-11","article-title":"Detection of Taenia solium taeniasis coproantigen is an early indicator of treatment failure for taeniasis","volume":"19","author":"Bustos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.1.50","article-title":"An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoprotein antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium)","volume":"159","author":"Tsang","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1084","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis: 2017 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH)","volume":"98","author":"White","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix774","article-title":"Antibody banding patterns of the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot and brain imaging findings in patients with neurocysticercosis","volume":"66","author":"Arroyo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2011.09.014","article-title":"Evaluation of the performance of 5 commercialized enzyme immunoassays for the detection of Taenia solium antibodies and for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis","volume":"72","author":"Carod","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(92)90148-E","article-title":"A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the detection of circulating excretory-secretory antigens in Taenia saginata cysticercosis","volume":"22","author":"Brandt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2096","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002096","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis: HP10 antigen detection is useful for the follow-up of the severe patients","volume":"7","author":"Fleury","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0697","article-title":"Performance of a sandwich antigen-detection ELISA for the diagnosis of Porcine Taenia solium cysticercosis","volume":"100","author":"Bustos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0378","article-title":"Porcine cysticercosis: possible cross-reactivity of Taenia hydatigena to GP50 antigen in the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay","volume":"97","author":"Muro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B33","unstructured":"Human TNF alpha Antibody Pair - BSA Azide free (ab241791) | Abcam.2019"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12291","article-title":"Monitoring the outcomes of interventions against Taenia solium: options and suggestions","volume":"38","author":"Lightowlers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrid.2014.12.001","article-title":"Imaging spectrum of neurocysticercosis","volume":"1","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.05.004","article-title":"Imaging of neurocysticercosis","volume":"22","author":"Lerner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2016.06.010","article-title":"State of the art in neurocysticercosis: imaging and epidemiology","volume":"9","author":"Carpio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)70047-2","article-title":"Combined antiparasitic treatment for neurocysticercosis","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(02)00085-2","article-title":"Albendazole: a new drug for human parasitoses","volume":"21","author":"Albanese","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"B40","unstructured":"Merck Manuals2019"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1346","article-title":"Factors associated with cysticidal treatment response in extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis","volume":"59","author":"Osorio","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B42","unstructured":"Albendazole124 PapichMG ElsevierSaunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs2016"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70779-0","article-title":"Efficacy of combined antiparasitic therapy with praziquantel and albendazole for neurocysticercosis: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Garcia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.03.013","article-title":"Antiparasitic treatment of neurocysticercosis - The effect of cyst destruction in seizure evolution","volume":"76","author":"Garcia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2009.12.006","article-title":"Surgical management of neurocysticercosis","volume":"8","author":"Rajshekhar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.06.194","article-title":"The role of flexible neuroendoscopy in spinal neurocysticercosis: technical note and report of 3 cases","volume":"130","author":"Torres-Corzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0706","article-title":"Detection of Taenia solium DNA in the urine of neurocysticercosis patients","volume":"100","author":"Toribio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007746","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007746","article-title":"Feasibility of a point-of-care test based on quantum dots with a mobile phone reader for detection of antibody responses","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz541","article-title":"A novel, highly sensitive qPCR assay for the diagnosis of subarachnoid and ventricular neurocysticercosis and for assessing response to treatment","volume":"70","author":"O'Connell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1159\/000068748","article-title":"High prevalence of calcified silent neurocysticercosis in a rural village of Mexico","volume":"22","author":"Fleury","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26942","article-title":"Low-cost portable MRI","volume":"52","author":"Wald","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-017-0286-2","article-title":"Controlling schistosomiasis with praziquantel: how much longer without a viable alternative?","volume":"6","author":"Bergquist","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0795","article-title":"Etanercept to control inflammation in the treatment of complicated neurocysticercosis","volume":"100","author":"Nash","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B54","unstructured":"19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines2015"},{"key":"B55","first-page":"1","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminthiases: eliminating soil-transmitted helmnthiases as a public health problem in children","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Rep"},{"key":"B56","first-page":"i\u2013vi","article-title":"Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis","volume":"912","year":"2002","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"B57","first-page":"270","volume-title":"Integrating Neglected Tropical Diseases Into Global Health and Development : Fourth WHO Report on Neglected Tropical Diseases","year":"2017"},{"key":"B58","unstructured":"WHOSoil-Transmitted Helminthiases2017"},{"key":"B59","unstructured":"Schistosomiasis and soil-Transmitted Helminthiases: Number of People Treated in 2018"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.11.008","article-title":"Anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of cattle: a global issue?","volume":"27","author":"Sutherland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(94)90073-6","article-title":"Anthelmintic resistance in goats in peninsular Malaysia","volume":"55","author":"Dorny","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"B62","first-page":"131","article-title":"Helminth infection","volume-title":"Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries","author":"Warren","year":"1993"},{"key":"B63","first-page":"183","article-title":"Evolution of operational research studies and development of a national control strategy against intestinal helminths in Pemba Island, 1988-92","volume":"73","author":"Renganathan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689508801112","article-title":"Chemotherapy of human nematodes: learning from the problems in sheep","volume":"88","author":"Coles","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"B65","article-title":"Breeding management and development of benzimidazole resistance on goat nematode species diversity","volume-title":"WAAVP 17th International Conference","author":"Boudsocq","year":"1999"},{"key":"B66","first-page":"55","article-title":"Refugia\u2013overlooked as perhaps the most potent factor concerning the development of anthelmintic resistance","volume":"68","author":"Van Wyk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Onderstpoort J Vet Res"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2011.00719.x","article-title":"A multi-species model to assess the effect of refugia on worm control and anthelmintic resistance in sheep grazing systems","volume":"89","author":"Dobson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2011.09.002","article-title":"Is anthelmintic resistance a concern for the control of human soil-transmitted helminths?","volume":"1","author":"Vercruysse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.12.021","article-title":"The societal cost of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Tanzania","volume":"165","author":"Trevisan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13214","article-title":"Perceptions and acceptability of piloted Taenia solium control and elimination interventions in two endemic communities in eastern Zambia","volume":"67","author":"Hobbs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2102","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002102","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors associated with human Taenia solium infections in Mbozi District, Mbeya Region, Tanzania","volume":"7","author":"Mwanjali","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d5378","article-title":"One Health and the neglected zoonoses: turning rhetoric into reality","volume":"169","author":"Okello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.05.029","article-title":"Why pigs are free-roaming: Communities' perceptions, knowledge and practices regarding pig management and taeniosis\/cysticercosis in a Taenia solium endemic rural area in Eastern Zambia","volume":"225","author":"Thys","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"B74","unstructured":"WHOFirst Ever Licensed Vaccine and Anthelmintic Against the Major Cause of Epilepsy in the Developing World2017"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.832","article-title":"Time-response curve of oxfendazole in the treatment of swine cysticercosis","volume":"59","author":"Gilman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12976-019-0100-x","article-title":"How to eliminate taeniasis\/cysticercosis: porcine vaccination and human chemotherapy (Part 2)","volume":"16","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Torres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theor Biol Med Model"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.03.055","article-title":"Successful immunization of naturally reared pigs against porcine cysticercosis with a recombinant oncosphere antigen vaccine","volume":"188","author":"Jayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5292","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.9.5292-5297.2004","article-title":"Induction of protection against porcine cysticercosis by vaccination with recombinant oncosphere antigens","volume":"72","author":"Flisser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2003.11.014","article-title":"A Bayesian approach for estimating values for prevalence and diagnostic test characteristics of porcine cysticercosis","volume":"34","author":"Dorny","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.10.018","article-title":"Improvement of the synthetic tri-peptide vaccine (S3Pvac) against porcine Taenia solium cysticercosis in search of a more effective, inexpensive and manageable vaccine","volume":"25","author":"Sciutto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.03.042","article-title":"Inexpensive anti-cysticercosis vaccine: S3Pvac expressed in heat inactivated M13 filamentous phage proves effective against naturally acquired Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis","volume":"26","author":"Morales","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3320-3","article-title":"A quantitative risk assessment for human Taenia solium exposure from home slaughtered pigs in European countries","volume":"12","author":"Meester","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-015-0949-6","article-title":"Prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs entering the food chain in western Kenya","volume":"48","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2019.32.145.10695","article-title":"Porcine cysticercosis in slaughtered pigs and factors related to Taenia solium transmission amongst abattoir workers in Ibadan, Nigeria","volume":"32","author":"Adesokan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0197483","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197483","article-title":"Is Community-Led Total Sanitation connected to the rebuilding of latrines? Quantitative evidence from Mozambique","volume":"13","author":"Mosler","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.12.030","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of Community-Led Total Sanitation for the control of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Katete District of Zambia","volume":"207","author":"Bulaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0203458","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203458","article-title":"Assessment of community led total sanitation and hygiene approach on improvement of latrine utilization in Laelay Maichew District, North Ethiopia. A comparative cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Gebremariam","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007336","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007336","article-title":"Effects of \u2018The Vicious Worm' educational tool on Taenia solium knowledge retention in Zambian primary school students after one year","volume":"13","author":"Hobbs","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B89","unstructured":"The Control of Neglected Zoonotic Diseases From Advocacy to Action"},{"key":"B90","first-page":"44","volume-title":"The Control of Neglected Zoonotic Diseases : From Advocacy to Action : Report of the Fourth International Meeting Held at WHO Headquarters","year":"2014"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1515520","article-title":"Elimination of Taenia solium transmission in Northern Peru","volume":"374","author":"Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trab002","article-title":"A road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021\u20132030","volume":"115","author":"Malecela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-1988-9","article-title":"Assessing the impact of intervention strategies against Taenia solium cysticercosis using the EPICYST transmission model","volume":"10","author":"Winskill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.615703\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T20:47:13Z","timestamp":1672087633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.615703\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2021.615703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.615703","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"article-number":"615703"}}