{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T01:19:58Z","timestamp":1793582398286,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the metacestode larval stage (cysticercus) of <jats:italic>Taenia solium<\/jats:italic>. In humans, cysticercosis may infect the central nervous system and cause neurocysticercosis, which is responsible for over 50,000 deaths per year worldwide and is the major cause of preventable epilepsy cases, especially in low-income countries. Cysticercosis infection is endemic in many less developed countries where poor hygiene conditions and free-range pig management favor their transmission. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 680 children from a rural primary school in Gakenke district (Northern province of Rwanda). Stool samples were collected from participants and analyzed using the Kato-Katz method (KK), formol-ether concentration (FEC), and\/or copro-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CoAg-ELISA) to detect taeniasis. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) and antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA) to detect human cysticercosis. The overall proportion of taeniasis positivity was 0.3% (2\/680), and both cases were also confirmed by CoAg-ELISA. A total of 13.3% (76\/572) of the children studied were positive to cysticercosis (<jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic>-specific serum antibodies detected by EITB), of whom 38.0% (27\/71) had viable cysticercus (<jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic> antigens by Ag-ELISA). This study provides evidence of the highest cysticercosis prevalence reported in Rwanda in children to date. Systematic investigations into porcine and human cysticercosis as well as health education and hygiene measures for <jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic> control are needed in Gakenke district.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.645076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T04:43:48Z","timestamp":1618893828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Evidence for Transmission of Taenia solium Taeniasis\/Cysticercosis in a Rural Area of Northern Rwanda"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lucrecia","family":"Acosta Soto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy Anne","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Irisarri-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier Arturo","family":"Bustos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yesenia","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Antoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Guillermo","family":"Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor Hugo","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Jorge","family":"Bornay-Llinares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Taeniasis and cysticercosis due to Taenia solium","volume":"4","author":"Flisser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prog Clin Parasitol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00057-3","article-title":"Imaging findings in neurocysticercosis","volume":"87","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.51.1.187","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis: updates on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","volume":"51","author":"White","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00085","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00085-19","article-title":"Taenia solium Cysticercosis and its Impact in Neurological Disease","volume":"33","author":"Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(05)70220-8","article-title":"Taenia solium cysticercosis","volume":"14","author":"Garcia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00963-9","article-title":"Epidemiology and aetiology of epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"4","author":"Preux","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B7","first-page":"1","volume-title":"First WHO Report on Neglected Tropical Diseases: Working to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases","year":"2010"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00034-2","article-title":"Measures for the prevention and control of Taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis","volume":"87","author":"Sarti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-014-0239-y","article-title":"Prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in the Lake Kyoga Basin, Uganda","volume":"10","author":"Nsadha","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.013","article-title":"Cysticercosis\/taeniasis endemicity in Southeast Asia: current status and control measures","volume":"165","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00051-2","article-title":"The emergence of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Eastern and Southern Africa as a serious agricultural problem and public health risk","volume":"87","author":"Phiri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)61012-3","article-title":"Control of Taenia solium cysticercosis\/taeniosis","volume":"61","author":"Willingham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001953","article-title":"Geographic correlation between tapeworm carriers and heavily infected cysticercotic pigs","volume":"12","author":"O'Neal","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00053-6","article-title":"Regional status, epidemiology and impact of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Western and Central Africa","volume":"87","author":"Zoli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0938-7","article-title":"Taenia solium taeniosis\/cysticercosis and the co-distribution with schistosomiasis in Africa","volume":"8","author":"Braae","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/375493","article-title":"Porcine cysticercosis in Southeast Uganda: seroprevalence in Kamuli and Kaliro Districts","volume":"2009","author":"Waiswa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"key":"B17","unstructured":"Short communication. Cysticcrcus ccllulosae in pigs slaughtered i~ and around Kampala city234\n            KisakyeJ\n            MalS\n          Uganda J Agric Sci72002"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.016","article-title":"Sero-prevalence of Taenia spp. cysticercosis in rural and urban smallholder pig production settings in Uganda","volume":"165","author":"Kungu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"213","article-title":"Les helminthes du porc domestique en Ituri, Haut-Za\u00efre","volume":"70","author":"Chartier","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Soc Belg Med Trop."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e817","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000817","article-title":"Taenia solium cysticercosis in the democratic Republic of Congo: how does pork trade affect the transmission of the parasite?","volume":"4","author":"Praet","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(97)90251-0","article-title":"Prevalence of cysticercosis in epileptics and members of their families in Burundi","volume":"91","author":"Newell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.02.012","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of swine cysticercosis using ante-mortem and post-mortem examination tests in the southern highlands of Tanzania","volume":"139","author":"Boa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9773-1","article-title":"Slaughter stock abattoir survey of carcasses and organ\/offal condemnations in Arusha region, northern Tanzania","volume":"43","author":"Mellau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9708-x","article-title":"Prevalence of extra-intestinal porcine helminth infections and assessment of sanitary conditions of pig slaughter slabs in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania","volume":"43","author":"Mkupasi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.06.010","article-title":"Efficacy of ivermectin and oxfendazole against Taenia solium cysticercosis and other parasitoses in naturally infected pigs","volume":"128","author":"Mkupasi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.09.020","article-title":"Prevalence of porcine cysticercosis and associated risk factors in smallholder pig production systems in Mbeya region, southern highlands of Tanzania","volume":"198","author":"Komba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.01.015","article-title":"Risk factors for the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Mbulu District, Tanzania","volume":"120","author":"Ngowi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YohanaC\n            MwitaC\n            NkwengulilaG\n          The Prevalence of Porcine Cysticercosis and Risk Factors for Taeniasis in Iringa Rural District2013","DOI":"10.19026\/ijava.5.5606"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-013-0426-z","article-title":"A review of pig pathology in Tanzania","volume":"45","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.08.009","article-title":"Feedstuff and poor latrines may put pigs at risk of cysticercosis\u2014A case-control study","volume":"214","author":"Braae","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.4314\/eamj.v78i6.9019","article-title":"Epidemiology of intestinal helminth infestations among schoolchildren in southern Uganda","volume":"78","author":"Kabatereine","year":"2001","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002102","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors associated with human Taenia Solium infections in Mbozi District, Mbeya Region, Tanzania","volume":"7","author":"Mwanjali","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2011.49.4.399","article-title":"Morphologic and genetic identification of taenia tapeworms in Tanzania and DNA genotyping of Taenia solium","volume":"49","author":"Eom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2011.06.004","article-title":"High prevalence of Taenia solium cysticerosis in a village community of Bas-Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"41","author":"Kanobana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.11-0049","article-title":"Evidence-based identification of the most important livestock related zoonotic diseases in Kampala, Uganda","volume":"73","author":"Makita","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70003-6","article-title":"Prevalence of active convulsive epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa and associated risk factors: cross-sectional and case-control studies","volume":"12","author":"Ngugi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"374","article-title":"Cysticercosis in the province of Kayanza (Burundi)","volume":"85","author":"Nzisabira","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2003.55302.x","article-title":"Cysticercosis as a major risk factor for epilepsy in Burundi, East Africa","volume":"44","author":"Nsengiyumva","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01860.x","article-title":"Combined use of an antigen and antibody detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cysticercosis as tools in an epidemiological study of epilepsy in Burundi","volume":"12","author":"Prado-Jean","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Heal"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2004.12.002","article-title":"\u00c9lectroenc\u00e9phalogrammes r\u00e9alis\u00e9s chez 250 patients \u00e9pileptiques dans une zone d'end\u00e9mie cysticerquienne au Burundi","volume":"35","author":"Diagana","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v81i2.719","article-title":"The risk factors for human cysticercosis in Mbulu District, Tanzania","volume":"81","author":"Mwang'onde","year":"2014","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-009-1242-3","article-title":"Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"121","author":"Winkler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001185","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of people with epilepsy and Neurocysticercosis in Tanzania: clinical characteristics and diagnostic approaches","volume":"5","author":"Blocher","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B44","first-page":"507","article-title":"La Cysticercose ce're'brale du porc","volume":"39","author":"Thienpont","year":"1959","journal-title":"Me'd Trop"},{"key":"B45","unstructured":"189RomeASHA LeadFood Outlook: Biannual Report on Global Food Markets2014"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.07.010","article-title":"An epidemiological survey of the magnitude and local perceptions of porcine cysticercosis by two methods in Nyaruguru district, Rwanda","volume":"14","author":"Mushonga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Rep"},{"key":"B47","first-page":"314","article-title":"Verminoses","volume-title":"Sante et Maladies au Rwanda","author":"Fain","year":"1982"},{"key":"B48","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Deux noveaux cas de c'enurose humaine 'a Taenia brauni au Rwanda, avec une localisation orbitaire du c'enure","volume":"44","author":"Vanderick","year":"1920","journal-title":"Ann Soc Belg Med Trop"},{"key":"B49","first-page":"77","article-title":"1989 Gasc\u00f3n_Cysticercosis_5 cases Rwanda","volume":"49","author":"Gasc\u00f3n","year":"1989","journal-title":"Med Trop"},{"key":"B50","unstructured":"Disseminated cysticercosis in rwanda-case report of a patient presenting with difficulty with walking and skin nodules3033\n            TuanJ\n            KailaniL\n            NgabitsinzeP\n            UmuganwaS\n            MunyanezaF\n            MusoniE\n          Rwanda Med J.772020"},{"key":"B51","first-page":"818","article-title":"Incidence of intestinal parasitosis among the Batwa and Hutu pygmy tribes of Rwanda","volume":"76","author":"Scaglia","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Fil"},{"key":"B52","first-page":"153","article-title":"La cysticercose humaine au Rwanda [Humain cysticercosis in Rwanda]","volume":"52","author":"Vanderick","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann Soc Belg Med Trop"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(95)80175-8","article-title":"Taenia solium cysticercosis: an Unv\u00a1der-recognized but serious public health problem","volume":"11","author":"Tsang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002558","article-title":"High prevalence of cysticercosis in people with epilepsy in Southern Rwanda","volume":"7","author":"Rottbeck","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B55","unstructured":"The Third Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (EICV 3)-Main indicators Report2012"},{"key":"B56","unstructured":"Environmental and Management plan (ESMP)2019"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.54.5.TM0540050548a","article-title":"Bench aids for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites","volume":"54","author":"Ash","year":"1996","journal-title":"World Health Org"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1976.25.818","article-title":"A modification of the formol ether concentration technique for increased sensitivity in detecting Schistosoma mansoni eggs","volume":"25","author":"Knight","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000060686","article-title":"Immunodiagnosis of taeniasis by coproantigen detection","volume":"101","author":"Allan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00025-1","article-title":"Control of Taenia solium","volume":"87","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05428-11","article-title":"Detection of Taenia solium taeniasis coproantigen is an early indicator of treatment failure for taeniasis","volume":"19","author":"Bustos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.1.50","article-title":"An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoprotein antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium)","volume":"159","author":"Tsang","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1990.43.194","article-title":"Prevalence and comparison of serologic assays, necropsy, and tongue examination for the diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis in Peru","volume":"43","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(91)90053-F","article-title":"Efficacy of the immunoblot assay for cysticercosis in pigs and modulated expression of distinct IgM\/ IgG activities to Taenia solium antigens in experimental infections","volume":"29","author":"Tsang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(98)91069-0","article-title":"A specific antigen-detection ELISA for the diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis","volume":"92","author":"Garcia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0563","article-title":"Serological diagnosis and follow-up of severe neurocysticercosis using HP10 antigen detection: commentary","volume":"3","author":"Garcia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(92)90148-E","article-title":"A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the detection of circulating excretory-secretory antigens in Taenia saginata cysticercosis","volume":"22","author":"Brandt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(97)00226-4","article-title":"Improved detection of circulating antigen in cattle infected with Taenia saginata metacestodes","volume":"76","author":"Van Kerckhoven","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2003.11.014","article-title":"A Bayesian approach for estimating values for prevalence and diagnostic test characteristics of porcine cysticercosis","volume":"34","author":"Dorny","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"B70","unstructured":"Zea-VeraA\n            CordovaEG\n            RodriguezS\n            GonzalesI\n            PretellEJ\n            CastilloY\n          23788241Parasite Antigen in Serum Predicts the Presence of Viable Brain Parasites in Patients With Apparently Calcified Cysticercosis Only2013"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000517","article-title":"Polyparasite helminth infections and their association to anaemia and undernutrition in Northern Rwanda","volume":"3","author":"Mupfasoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B72","unstructured":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among Kigali Institute of Education students in Kigali, Rwanda71826\n            EmileN\n            BoscoNJ\n            KarineB\n          24522143Trop Biomed302013"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-016-0212-z","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Rwanda: an update on their epidemiology and control","volume":"6","author":"Rujeni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105445","article-title":"Diagnosis of taeniosis in rural venezuelan communities: preliminary characterization of a Taenia solium specific monoclonal (VP-1) coproantigen ELISA","volume":"207","author":"Parkhouse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"B75","unstructured":"Garc\u00edaHH\n            Gonz\u00e1lezAE\n            EvansCA\n            GilmanRH\n          Taenia solium Cysticercosis2003"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001733","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors for Taenia solium cysticercosis in rural pigs of Northern Peru","volume":"6","author":"Jayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199209033271004","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis in an orthodox Jewish community in New York City","volume":"327","author":"Schantz","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.12.022","article-title":"Taenia solium taeniosis\/cysticercosis in Africa: risk factors, epidemiology and prospects for control using vaccination","volume":"195","author":"Assana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"B79","unstructured":"Some risk factors for Taenia solium cysticercosis in semi-intensively raised pigs in Zuru, Nigeria5767\n            GwebaM\n            FalekeOO\n            JunaiduAU\n            FabiyiJP\n            FajinmiAO\n          Vet Ital462010"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1579712","type":"addendum","label":"Addendum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.645076\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T04:44:51Z","timestamp":1618893891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.645076\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2021.645076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.645076","relation":{"addendum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1579712","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"article-number":"645076"}}