{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T06:26:48Z","timestamp":1775284008669,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Serum samples collected from 37 clinically normal bongo (<jats:italic>Tragelaphus eurycerus<\/jats:italic>) and 13 abnormal bongo were tested using assays for acute-phase proteins (APPs) and by protein electrophoresis. Abnormal bongo samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 27) had significantly higher levels of fibrinogen (FIB) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) and trending but not significantly increased haptoglobin (HP) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.07) vs. samples from normal bongo (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 37). There were no significant differences in values for total white blood cell counts or for any of the fractions determined by protein electrophoresis. Clinically normal female bongo (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 19) had significantly lower levels of FIB than normal males (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 18) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.014), and this observation was also made with samples from the clinically abnormal group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.004). Many weak to moderate significant correlations were observed with increasing age, including increased globulins, FIB, and HP and decreased albumin-to-globulin (A\/G) ratio and albumin. In clinical cases reviewed in this study, mild HP changes categorized this reactant as a minor APP, which contrasts with the major APP classification of HP in the related species of the cow. The preliminary data indicate that the quantitation of these APPs may offer value in assessing inflammation in this species, but additional studies are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.646500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T04:16:39Z","timestamp":1619583399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Protein Electrophoresis and Haptoglobin Values for Captive Bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Lamberski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristopher L.","family":"Arheart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Cray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394596-9.00005-6","article-title":"Acute phase proteins in animals","volume":"105","author":"Cray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.04.009","article-title":"Acute phase proteins: Biomarkers of infection and inflammation in veterinary medicine","volume":"185","author":"Eckersall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165x.2005.tb00019.x","article-title":"Acute phase proteins in dogs and cats: current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"34","author":"Ceron","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2004002","article-title":"Application of acute phase protein measurements in veterinary clinical chemistry","volume":"35","author":"Petersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1638\/2012-0270R.1","article-title":"Assessement of serum amyloid A levels in the rehabilitation setting in the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","volume":"44","author":"Cray","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1638\/2012-0174R1.1","article-title":"Acute phase protein expression during elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 viremia in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)","volume":"44","author":"Stanton","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00475","article-title":"Assessment of the acute phase response in healthy and injured southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)","volume":"6","author":"Hooijberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1638\/2007-0125.1","article-title":"Identification of acute phase proteins and assays applicable in nondomesticated mammals","volume":"40","author":"Bertelsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1638\/2013-0033R.1","article-title":"Acute phase protein and protein electrophoresis values for captive Grant's zebra (Equus burchelli)","volume":"44","author":"Cray","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-370491-7.00005-2","article-title":"Proteins, proteomics, and the dysproteinemias","volume-title":"Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals","author":"Eckersall","year":"2008"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2010.10.002","article-title":"Assay validation and diagnostic applications of major acute-phase protein testing in companion animals","volume":"31","author":"Kjelgaard-Hansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Lab. Med."},{"key":"B12","article-title":"Tragelaphus eurycerus (errata version published in 2017)","volume-title":"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22047A115164600","year":"2016"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1638\/2018-0175","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of mortality in captive bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus), 1995\u20132015","volume":"50","author":"Bartlett","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med."},{"key":"B14","first-page":"480","article-title":"Alterations in the leukogram","volume-title":"Large Animal Internal Medicine","author":"Morris","year":"1996"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/104063871102300119","article-title":"Reference intervals for total protein concentration, serum protein fractions, and albumin\/globulin ratios in clinically healthy dairy cows","volume":"23","author":"Alberghina","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101233","article-title":"Reference values for acute phase proteins in calves and its clinical application","volume":"173","author":"Seppa-Lassila","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Rec."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12006","article-title":"ASVCP reference interval guidelines: determination of de novo reference intervals in veterinary species and other related topics","volume":"41","author":"Friedrichs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638719836150","article-title":"Serum amyloid A and plasma protein electrophoresis fractions in farmed white-tailed deer","volume":"31","author":"Cray","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1451","article-title":"Hypoalbuminemia: pathogenesis and clinical significance","volume":"43","author":"Soeters","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Parent Enter Nutr."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.1.113","article-title":"Assessment of serum amyloid A (SAA) testing and its clinical application in a specialized equine practice","volume":"243","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAVMA."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1515\/acve-2017-0016","article-title":"The electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in dairy cows with inflammatory diseases","volume":"67","author":"T\u00f3thov\u00e1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Vet."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.04.004","article-title":"Acute phase proteins in ruminants","volume":"75","author":"Ceciliani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Proteomics."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.12.001","article-title":"Acute phase protein response in Alpine ibex with sarcoptic mange","volume":"168","author":"Rahman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.69.321","article-title":"Serum amyloid A and haptoglobin levels in bovine amyloidosis","volume":"69","author":"Takahashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100272","article-title":"Acute phase proteins in three healthy antelope species","volume":"170","author":"Baldrey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Rec."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2010.11.002","article-title":"Inflammatory markers in population studies of aging","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569576","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.569576","article-title":"A comparison of hematological, immunological, and stress responses to capture and transport in wild white rhinoceros bulls (Ceratotherium simum simum) supplemented with azaperone or midazolam","volume":"7","author":"Pohlin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638717712756","article-title":"Effects of storage temperature and repeated freeze\u2013thaw cycles on stability of bovine plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin","volume":"29","author":"A.Martins","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.646500\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T04:16:45Z","timestamp":1619583405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.646500\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2021.646500"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.646500","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"article-number":"646500"}}