{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T22:28:47Z","timestamp":1785364127290,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brucellosis is an endemic zoonotic infectious disease in the majority of developing countries, which causes huge economic losses. As immunogenic and protective antigens at the surface of <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp., outer membrane proteins (Omps) are particularly attractive for developing vaccine and could have more relevant role in host\u2013pathogen interactions. Omp16, a homolog to peptidoglycan-associated lipoproteins (Pals), is essential for <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> survival <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. At present, the functions of Omp16 have been poorly studied. Here, the gene expression profile of RAW264.7 cells infected with <jats:italic>Brucella suis<\/jats:italic> vaccine strain 2 (<jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic> S2) and \u0394Omp16 was analyzed by RNA-seq to investigate the cellular response immediately after <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> entry. The RNA-sequence analysis revealed that a total of 303 genes were significantly regulated by <jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic> S2 24 h post-infection. Of these, 273 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated, and 30 DEGs were downregulated. These DEGs were mainly involved in innate immune signaling pathways, including pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. In \u0394Omp16-infected cells, the expression of 52 total cells genes was significantly upregulated and that of 9 total cells genes were downregulated compared to <jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic> S2-infected RAW264.7 cells. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that several upregulated genes were proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-11, IL-12\u03b2, C\u2013C motif chemokine (CCL2), and CCL22. All together, we clearly demonstrate that \u0394Omp16 can alter macrophage immune-related pathways to increase proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which provide insights into illuminating the <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> pathogenic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.646839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T07:59:43Z","timestamp":1614844783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals the Role of Omp16 in Brucella-Infected RAW264.7 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Dong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feijie","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaoyang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weifang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangdong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.21307\/pjm-2018-029","article-title":"Brucella - virulence factors, pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"67","author":"Glowacka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pol J Microbiol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-021815-111326","article-title":"Brucella spp. virulence factors and immunity","volume":"4","author":"Byndloss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Anim Biosci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.03.003","article-title":"Pathogenesis and immunobiology of Brucellosis review of brucella-host interactions","volume":"185","author":"de Figueiredo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2017.18.S1.281","article-title":"Development and trial of vaccines against Brucella","volume":"18","author":"Lalsiamthara","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00255-9","article-title":"Brucellosis vaccines: past, present and future","volume":"90","author":"Schurig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-015-0199-7","article-title":"Recent advances in Brucella abortus vaccines","volume":"46","author":"E.Dorneles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.09.116","article-title":"Brucella suis strain 2 vaccine is safe and protective against heterologous Brucella spp. infections","volume":"34","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743509","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/743509","article-title":"A history of the development of Brucella vaccines","volume":"2013","author":"Avila-Calderon","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4960","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4960-4962.1999","article-title":"Outer membrane proteins Omp10, Omp16, and Omp19 of Brucella spp. are lipoproteins","volume":"67","author":"Tibor","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3633","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.9.3633-3639.1994","article-title":"Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and occurrence of a 16.5-kilodalton outer membrane protein of Brucella abortus with similarity to pal lipoproteins","volume":"62","author":"Tibor","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. 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