{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:16:22Z","timestamp":1780359382493,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Neospora caninum<\/jats:italic> are protozoan parasites that infect warm-blooded animals, and cause major economic losses in livestock industries worldwide. However, little is known about the genotypes of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic> in domestic ducks in China. Herein, brain samples from 588 domestic ducks from Hunan province in China were examined for the presence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> B1 gene and <jats:italic>N. caninum NC-5<\/jats:italic> gene. Forty-five DNA samples (7.7%; 95% CI: 5.5\u20139.9) were positive for B1 gene, and two (0.3%; 95% CI: 0\u20130.7) were positive for NC-5 gene. The risk factors significantly associated with <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection were age and sex. The 45 samples positive for <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> were genotyped using multi-locus PCR-RFLP analysis and only one sample was fully genotyped as ToxoDB#9 (Chinese I). These results provide new information about the epidemiology of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic> in ducks in Hunan province in China. The data also highlight the importance of a \u201cOne Health\u201d approach to dealing with toxoplasmosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.649603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T04:10:40Z","timestamp":1618546240000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Domestic Ducks in Hunan Province, 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