{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T14:48:33Z","timestamp":1784126913423,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The proteins in the seminal plasma and on the sperm surface play important roles in sperm function and numerous reproductive processes. The cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs) are enriched biasedly in the male reproductive tract of mammals, and CRISP2 is the sole member of CRISPs produced during spermatogenesis; whereas the role of CRISP2 in fertilization and its association with fertility of boars are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the sperm CRISP2 and boar fertility, and explore its impact sperm fertilizing ability. The levels of CRISP2 protein in sperm were quantified by ELISA; correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the association between CRISP2 protein levels and boar reproductive parameters. Meanwhile, the expression of CRISP2 in boar reproductive organs and sperm, and the effects of CRISP2 on <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization (IVF) were examined. The results showed that boars with high sperm levels of CRISP2 had high fertility. The protein levels of CRISP2 in sperm were positively correlated with the litter size (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.412, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.026), the number of live-born piglets (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.421, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.023) and the qualified piglets per litter (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.381, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.042). CRISP2 is specifically expressed in the testis and sperm of adult boars, and its location on sperm changed mainly from the post-acrosomal region to the apical segment of acrosome during capacitation. The cleavage rate was significantly decreased by adding the anti-CRISP2 antibody to the IVF medium, which indicates CRISP2 plays a critical role in fertilization. In conclusion, CRISP2 protein is specifically expressed in the adult testis and sperm and is associated with sperm fertilizing ability and boar fertility. Further mechanistic studies are warranted, in order to fully decipher the role of CRISP2 in the boar reproduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.653413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T05:22:08Z","timestamp":1619760128000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Investigation Into the Relationship Between Sperm Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein 2 (CRISP2) and Sperm Fertilizing Ability and Fertility of Boars"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Fenglei","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yushan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiying","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouquan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengxi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12533","article-title":"In vitro measures for assessing boar semen fertility","author":"Jung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12530","article-title":"Boar differences in artificial insemination outcomes: can they be minimized?","author":"Roca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22810","article-title":"Prediction of male fertility using capacitation-associated proteins in spermatozoa","volume":"84","author":"Rahman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.04.061","article-title":"Seminal plasma proteomes and sperm fertility","volume":"194","author":"Druart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15654","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15654","article-title":"Increased male fertility using fertility-related biomarkers","volume":"5","author":"Kwon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0032","article-title":"The CAP superfamily: cysteine-rich secretory proteins, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1 proteins\u2013roles in reproduction, cancer, immune defense","volume":"29","author":"Gibbs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-01076","article-title":"CRISP2 is a regulator of multiple aspects of sperm function and male fertility","volume":"160","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.070177","article-title":"Molecular cloning and expression of the CRISP family of proteins in the boar","volume":"79","author":"Vadnais","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gay001","article-title":"Epididymal cysteine-rich secretory proteins are required for epididymal sperm maturation and optimal sperm function","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12638","article-title":"Relevance of CRISP proteins for epididymal physiology, fertilization, and fertility","volume":"7","author":"Weigel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrology."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22189","article-title":"Human sperm CRISP2 is released from the acrosome during the acrosome reaction and re-associates at the equatorial segment","volume":"80","author":"Nimlamool","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Reproduct Dev."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.03.009","article-title":"Association of CRISP2, CCT8, PEBP1 mRNA abundance in sperm and sire conception rate in Holstein bulls","volume":"76","author":"Arangasamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaw005","article-title":"Fertilization defects in sperm from Cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 (Crisp2) knockout mice: implications for fertility disorders","volume":"22","author":"Brukman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.124487","article-title":"The expression of cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 (CRISP2) and its specific regulator miR-27b in the spermatozoa of patients with asthenozoospermia","volume":"92","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.185001","article-title":"MicroRNA-27a-mediated repression of cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 translation in asthenoteratozoospermic patients","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J Androl."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2019.144261","article-title":"The expression of Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein 2 (CRISP2) and miR-582-5p in seminal plasma fluid and spermatozoa of infertile men","volume":"730","author":"Gholami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gene."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2011.01753.x","article-title":"Spatial and temporal gene expression of Fn-Type II and cysteine-rich secretory proteins in the reproductive tracts and ejaculated sperm of chinese meishan pigs","volume":"46","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reproduct Domestic Anim."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2020.104027","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of healthy and atretic porcine follicular granulosa cells","volume":"232","author":"Shan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Proteomics."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-012-4289-8","article-title":"Identification of a suitable e ndogenous control gene in porcine blastocysts for use in quantitative PCR analysis of microRNAs","volume":"55","author":"Jun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625192","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/625192","article-title":"Age-specific gene expression profiles of rhesus monkey ovaries detected by microarray analysis","volume":"2015","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0931-0","article-title":"Previously claimed male germline stem cells from porcine testis are actually progenitor Leydig cells","volume":"9","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.05.013","article-title":"Sperm protein DE mediates gamete fusion through an evolutionarily conserved site of the CRISP family","volume":"297","author":"Ellerman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev Biol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.056770","article-title":"Evidence for the involvement of testicular protein CRISP2 in mouse sperm-egg fusion","volume":"76","author":"Busso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Reproduct."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2795(200101)58:1<;116::AID-MRD14>;3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Tpx-1 is a component of the outer dense fibers and acrosome of rat spermatozoa","volume":"58","author":"O'bryan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah156","article-title":"Human testicular protein TPX1\/CRISP-2: localization in spermatozoa, fate after capacitation and relevance for gamete interaction","volume":"11","author":"Busso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/35098027","article-title":"A sperm ion channel required for sperm motility and male fertility","volume":"413","author":"Ren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610286104","article-title":"All four CatSper ion channel proteins are required for male fertility and sperm cell hyperactivated motility","volume":"104","author":"Qi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.653413\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T05:22:11Z","timestamp":1619760131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.653413\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2021.653413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.653413","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"article-number":"653413"}}