{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:41:33Z","timestamp":1791236493275,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In sheep industry, hypothermia caused by insufficient brown adipose tissue (BAT) deposits is one of the major causes of lamb deaths. Enhancing the formation and function of BAT in neonatal lamb increases thermogenesis and hence reduces economic losses. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect and mechanism of melatonin on sheep brown adipocyte formation and function. Sheep brown adipocyte precursor cells (SBACs) isolated from perirenal BAT were treated with melatonin (1 and 10 nM). The SBACs subjected to melatonin exhibited a decreased proliferation ability, accompanied by down-regulated proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, and CDK4 protein contents in a melatonin dose-dependent manner. Melatonin promoted brown adipocyte formation and induced the expression of brown adipogenic markers, including <jats:italic>uncoupling protein 1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>PR domain-containing 16<\/jats:italic> during differentiation of SBAC. Moreover, the AMP-activated protein kinase \u03b11 (AMPK\u03b11) activity was positively correlated with brown adipocyte formation potential. Importantly, melatonin effectively activated AMPK\u03b11. Furthermore, promotional effects of melatonin were abolished by AMPK\u03b11 knockout, suggesting the involvement of AMPK\u03b11 in this process. Collectively, these results suggested that melatonin enhanced brown adipocyte formation in SBACs <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> through activation of AMPK\u03b11.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.661773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T04:22:07Z","timestamp":1624249327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Melatonin Regulates Differentiation of Sheep Brown Adipocyte Precursor Cells Via AMP-Activated Protein 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