{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T21:23:40Z","timestamp":1772141020471,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vaginal inflammation is a common disease of the dairy cows' reproductive tract. Lactic acid bacteria can combat purulent inflammation caused by pathogenic bacteria and regulate the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway mediated by toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the inflammatory response. We studied the effect of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus johnsonii<\/jats:italic> SQ0048, an isolate with antibacterial activity, on the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in cow vaginal epithelial cells. The expression levels of serial effectors related to the TLRs-MyD88\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway (TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, IKK, NF-\u03baB, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-10) were measured with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), ELISA, and Western blot analyses. TLR2 and TLR4 were activated by SQ0048 cells, as noted by increased mRNA expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 in SQ0048-treated bovine vaginal epithelial cells relative to control cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;0.01). SQ0048 treatment also significantly increased MyD88 and IKK expression, and activated NF-\u03baB in vaginal epithelial cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;0.01). In addition, SQ0048 treatment also significantly increased mRNA expression levels of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1, but decreased IL-10 mRNA expression levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;0.01). These data indicate that strain SQ0048 presence can improve the immune functions of cow vaginal epithelial cells by activating TLRs-MyD88\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathways. However, further <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> studies are required to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.670949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T08:26:08Z","timestamp":1628583968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii Strain SQ0048 on the TLRs-MyD88\/NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathway in Bovine Vaginal Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linchong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junxiang","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiaozhen","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanru","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.04.025","article-title":"Effects of intravaginal lactic acid bacteria on bovine endometrium: implications in uterine health","volume":"204","author":"Gen\u00eds","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.21451\/1984-3143-AR1006","article-title":"Postpartum uterine infection and endometritis in dairy cattle","volume":"14","author":"Sheldon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim Reprod."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08581-8","article-title":"Intestinal non-canonical NF\u03baB signaling shapes the local and systemic immune response","volume":"10","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.08.008","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory capacity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in monophasic variant Salmonella infected piglets is correlated with impeding NLRP6-mediated host inflammatory responses","volume":"210","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsre.2004.01.003","article-title":"Antagonistic activities of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against microbial pathogens","volume":"28","author":"Servin","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(02)01011-9","article-title":"Characterization of the bovine IkappaB kinases (IKK)alpha and IKKbeta, the regulatory subunit NEMO and their substrate IkappaBalpha","volume":"299","author":"Rottenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gene."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.09.054","article-title":"Potential of lactic acid bacteria at regulating Escherichia coli infection and inflammation of bovine endometrium","volume":"85","author":"Gen\u00eds","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1159\/000069458","article-title":"Lactobacillus casei inhibits antigen-induced ige secretion through regulation of cytokine production in murine splenocyte cultures","volume":"115","author":"Shida","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.9.1075-1084.2005","article-title":"Role of the epithelial cells in the immune effects mediated by gram-positive probiotic bacteria. 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