{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T18:15:42Z","timestamp":1767204942058,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The European Union (EU) regulates the control of cattle diseases listed in categories A and B of the European Animal Health Law (AHL). However, no strict mandatory EU regulation exists for the control of other cattle diseases that are listed in categories C, D and E. Slovenia has five control programmes (CPs) for the latter cattle diseases: bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), bluetongue and anthrax. Two (IBR and BVD) are voluntary and the others (EBL, anthrax and bluetongue) are compulsory. The three compulsory CPs are funded by the government. All the CPs are run by the government and laboratory tests are performed by the National Veterinary Institute. The rules for the CPs are laid down in Slovenian legislation. In addition, there is a national directive for the control of salmonellosis. Both BVD and IBR are endemic and have CPs based on increased biosecurity, testing and culling or vaccination, financed by the animal owners. Slovenia has been officially free of EBL since 2005 and carries out surveillance based on serological testing of a representative number of herds and inspection of carcasses at slaughter or necropsy. Vaccination is the main disease control measure for anthrax (sporadic) and bluetongue (currently perceived free\u2014vaccination since 2017). Lack of motivation of farmers to participate in voluntary disease CPs and to implement and follow strict biosecurity measures are the most pressing issues in improving the health status of Slovenian cattle. An overview of the existing CPs and the circumstances leading to their implementation are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.674515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T05:58:35Z","timestamp":1625810315000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Overview of Slovenian Control Programmes for Selected Cattle Diseases, Listed Under Category C, D or E of the European Animal Health Law"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jaka Jakob","family":"Hodnik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Knific","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u017ee","family":"Stari\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Toplak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matja\u017e","family":"Ocepek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hostnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u017eica","family":"Je\u017eek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2020.105130","article-title":"Standardizing output-based surveillance to control non-regulated cattle diseases: Aspiring for a single general regulatory framework in the European Union","volume":"183","author":"Costa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med."},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Vloga virusov infekcioznega govejega rinotraheitisa in adenovirusov pri nastanku enzootske plju\u010dnice pri govedu","author":"\u017deleznik","year":"1979"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"120","article-title":"Monitoring of bovine viral diarrhea infections in bovine breeding herds in Slovenia","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd ESVV Symposium on pestivirus Infections","author":"Grom","year":""},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"SadarM\n            JeretinaJ\n            LogarB\n            OparaA\n            PerparT\n            Podgor\u0161ekP\n          \n            SadarM.\n          LjubljanaKmetijski in\u0161titut SlovenijeRezultati kontrole prireje mleka in mesa Slovenija 2019\/Results of Dairy and Beef Recording Slovenia 2019.2020"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Indeks osemenitev\n            PerparT\n            JeretinaJ\n          Ljubljana2020"},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"SadarM\n            JenkoJ\n            JeretinaJ\n            LogarB\n            OparaA\n            PerparT\n          Rezultati kontrole prireje mleka in mesa Slovenija 2018\/Results of Dairy and Beef Recording Slovenia 20182019"},{"key":"B7","unstructured":"ArchiveSmall and large farms in the EU\u2013statistics from the farm structure survey2018"},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"LjubljanaCattle, Alteration in Livestock Number, Production of Meat and Milk, Slovenia, Annually2019"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00454","article-title":"Implications of cattle trade for the spread and control of infectious diseases in Slovenia","volume":"6","author":"Knific","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B10","first-page":"101","article-title":"The prevalence of ten pathogens detected by a real-time PCR method in nasal swab samples collected from live cattle with respiratory disease","volume":"54","author":"Paller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Slov Vet Res."},{"key":"B11","unstructured":"TravnikarT\n            Bedra\u010dM\n            BeleS\n            Bre\u010dkoJ\n            CunderT\n            Ko\u017darM\n          LjubljanaSlovenian Agriculture in Numbers2019"},{"key":"B12","unstructured":"Family Labour Force on Family Farms by Sex and Age Groups and Cohesion Regions, Slovenia, MultiannuallyLjubljana2016"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.10.018","article-title":"Age, values, farming objectives, past management decisions, and future intentions in New Zealand agriculture","volume":"231","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Environ Manage."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0501","DOI":"10.5424\/sjar\/2021191-17181","article-title":"Factors affecting rearing practices and health of calves on family farms","volume":"19","author":"Relic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spanish J Agric Res."},{"key":"B15","volume-title":"The economics of animal health and production","author":"Rushton","year":"2009"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04952","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2017.4952","article-title":"Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016\/429): bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD)","volume":"15","author":"More","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.12.014","article-title":"A systematic review of financial and economic assessments of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) prevention and mitigation activities worldwide","volume":"137","author":"Pinior","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04947","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2017.4947","article-title":"Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016\/429): infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)","volume":"15","author":"More","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04956","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2017.4956","article-title":"Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016\/429): enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL)","volume":"15","author":"More","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04957","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2017.4957","article-title":"Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016\/429): bluetongue","volume":"15","author":"More","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04958","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2017.4958","article-title":"Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016\/429): anthrax","volume":"15","author":"More","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"B22","first-page":"36","article-title":"The voluntary programme for control and eradication of bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in Slovenia","volume-title":"One health\u2013new challenges, First International Symposium of Veterinary Medicine","author":"Toplak","year":""},{"key":"B23","first-page":"162","article-title":"A national approach to the control of bovine viral diarrhoea virus","author":"Alenius","year":""},{"key":"B24","unstructured":"Rule prescribing the conditions for recognition, acquisition and maintenance of a BVD free herd status2014"},{"key":"B25","volume-title":"Molekularna epidemiologija bovine virusne diareje (BVD) v Slovenskih plemenskih rejah govedi: Doktorska disertacija= Molecular epidemiology of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in Slovenian breeding cattle herds","author":"Toplak","year":"2004"},{"key":"B26","first-page":"397","article-title":"Spremljanje prevalence infekcij z virusom bovine virusne diareje (BVD) v rejah bikovskih mater v Sloveniji med leti 1997-2001 = Study on prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVD) infections in breeding herds in Slovenia during 1997-2001","volume":"28","author":"Toplak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet novice."},{"key":"B27","first-page":"233","article-title":"Eradication of IBR\/IPV in Slovenia: Myth or reality","volume":"48","author":"Hostnik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Slov Vet Res."},{"key":"B28","unstructured":"Rule prescribing the conditions for recognition, acquisition and maintenance of a IBR\/IPV free herd status2015"},{"key":"B29","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Novi premiki za obvladovanje bolezni IBR","author":"Hostnik","year":"2016"},{"key":"B30","first-page":"233","article-title":"Eradication of IBR\/IPV in Slovenia: myth or reality","volume":"48","author":"Hostnik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Slov Vet Res."},{"key":"B31","unstructured":"WAHIS Annual Animal Health Report Slovenia\n            PosediJ\n          WAHIS2018"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12004","article-title":"Bluetongue serotype 2 and 9 modified live vaccine viruses as causative agents of abortion in livestock: A retrospective analysis in Italy","volume":"61","author":"Savini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2007.07.006","article-title":"Vaccines against bluetongue in Europe","volume":"31","author":"Savini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis."},{"key":"B34","unstructured":"Map of Slovenian Antrhrax districts2019"},{"key":"B35","unstructured":"1999"},{"key":"B36","unstructured":"LjubljanaEpidemiolo\u0161ko spremljanje nalezljivih bolezni v Sloveniji v letu 20182019"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1943-4","article-title":"Control of paratuberculosis: Who, why and how. A review of 48 countries","volume":"15","author":"Whittington","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res."},{"key":"B38","unstructured":"Commission Decision of 21 February 2008 on additional guarantees in intra-Community trade of pigs relating to Aujeszky's disease and criteria to provide information on this disease2008"},{"key":"B39","unstructured":"Economic accounts for agriculture by PRODUCT [NEW CRONOS], MEASURES and YEAR2019"},{"key":"B40","unstructured":"Economic accounts for agriculture, Slovenia, 20192019"},{"key":"B41","first-page":"97","article-title":"Dvajset let molekularno epidemiolo\u0161kih \u0161tudij virusa bovine virusne diareje v Sloveniji","volume":"56","author":"Toplak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Slov Vet Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2003.12.004","article-title":"Genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhoea virus: Most Slovenian isolates are of genotypes 1d and 1f","volume":"99","author":"Toplak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B43","first-page":"113","article-title":"Genetic heterogeneity of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVD) strains isolated in Slovenia","volume":"39","author":"Toplak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Slov Vet Res."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870601800501","article-title":"Test strategies in bovine viral diarrhea virus control and eradication campaigns in Europe","volume":"18","author":"Houe","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Diagnostic Investig."},{"key":"B45","first-page":"43","article-title":"First detection of Schmallenberg virus infections in Slovenia, 2012","volume":"51","author":"Toplak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Slov Vet Res."},{"key":"B46","unstructured":"HodnikJJ\n            Santman-BerendsI\n            Correia-GomesC\n            StrainS\n            GethmannJ\n            GunnG\n          Deliverable 1.1: Overview of Non-Regulated Cattle Diseases in the European Union for Which Control Programmes (CPs) are in Place Within Member States (MS)2020"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.08.003","article-title":"Review of pathogenesis and diagnostic methods of immediate relevance for epidemiology and control of Salmonella Dublin in cattle","volume":"162","author":"Nielsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B48","first-page":"45","article-title":"common Salmonella control programme in Finland, Norway and Sweden","volume":"91","author":"Hopp","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand Suppl."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.05.040","article-title":"Epidemiology and control of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in Europe","volume":"201","author":"Raaperi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00406","article-title":"An epidemiological and economic simulation model to evaluate strategies for the control of bovine virus diarrhea in Germany","volume":"6","author":"Gethmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.05.020","article-title":"Economic evaluation of the eradication program for bovine viral diarrhea in the Swiss dairy sector","volume":"145","author":"Thomann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med."},{"key":"B52","first-page":"39","article-title":"Seroprevalence of cattle paratuberculosis in Slovenia in 2008 and a comparison of data from current and previous studies","volume":"48","author":"Ku\u0161ar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Slov Vet Res."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.835395","type":"corrigendum","label":"Corrigendum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641945600000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.674515\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T08:53:06Z","timestamp":1641977586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.674515\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2021.674515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.674515","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"article-number":"674515"}}