{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T18:18:43Z","timestamp":1792693123580,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study determined the effects of dietary xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) supplementation on the morphology of jejunum and ileum epithelium, fecal microbiota composition, metabolic activity, and expression of genes related to colon barrier function. A total of 150 piglets were randomly assigned to one of five groups: a blank control group (receiving a basal diet), three XOS groups (receiving the basal diet supplemented with 100, 250, and 500 g\/t XOS, respectively), as well as a positive control group, used as a matter of comparison, that received the basal diet supplemented with 0.04 kg\/t virginiamycin, 0.2 kg\/t colistin, and 3,000 mg\/kg ZnO. The trial was carried out for 56 days. The results showed that the lowest dose tested (100 g\/t XOS) increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) the ileal villus height, the relative amount of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> spp., and the concentration of acetic acid and short-chain fatty acid in feces when compared with the blank control group. In conclusion, dietary 100 g\/t XOS supplementation modifies the intestinal ecosystem in weaned piglets in an apparently overall beneficial way.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.680208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T04:42:56Z","timestamp":1623818576000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Dietary Supplementation With Xylo-oligosaccharides Modifies the Intestinal Epithelial Morphology, Barrier Function and the Fecal Microbiota Composition and Activity in Weaned Piglets"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanghong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peifeng","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Blachier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangfeng","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.9.2256","article-title":"Weaning induces both transient and long-lasting modifications of absorptive, secretory, and barrier properties of piglet intestine","volume":"134","author":"Boudry","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1515\/pjvs-2016-0037","article-title":"Differential expression of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway genes in Escherichia coli F18-resistant and sensitive meishan piglets","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pol J Vet Sci."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"73","article-title":"Presentation of postweaning Escherichia coli diarrhea in southern ontario, prevalence of hemolytic E. coli serogroups involved, and their antimicrobial resistance patterns","volume":"66","author":"Amezcua","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1079\/095442200108729106","article-title":"Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human health","volume":"13","author":"Barton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(00)00129-6","article-title":"Antimicrobial use and bacterial resistance","volume":"3","author":"Monroe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(01)00297-7","article-title":"Use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine and food animal production","volume":"17","author":"Schwarz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125272","article-title":"Macleaya cordata extract, an antibiotic alternative, does not contribute to antibiotic resistance gene dissemination","volume":"412","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3237","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1486284","article-title":"Modulation of gastrointestinal barrier and nutrient transport function in farm animals by natural plant bioactive compounds-a comprehensive review","volume":"59","author":"Patra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e3282f0cffc","article-title":"The mechanism of action of probiotics","volume":"23","author":"Boirivant","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-4337.2010.00135.x","article-title":"Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) as an emergingprebiotic: microbial synthesis, utilization, structural characterization, bioactive properties, and applications","volume":"10","author":"Aachary","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Safety."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2003.10.008","article-title":"Microbial-gut interactions in health and disease. Prebiotics","volume":"18","author":"Manning","year":"2004","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Cl Ga."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511007252","article-title":"Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) in combination with inulin modulates both the intestinal environment and immune status in healthy subjects, while XOS alone only shows prebiotic properties","volume":"108","author":"Lecerf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brit J Nutr."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2007.01.053","article-title":"Effect of xylo-oligosaccharides from corn cobs autohydrolysis on the intestinal microbiota of piglets after weaning","volume":"108","author":"Moura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Livest Sci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00216","article-title":"Xylooligosaccharide supplementation alters gut bacteria in both healthy and prediabetic adults: a pilot study","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B15","first-page":"131","article-title":"Xylooligosaccharides: an economical prebiotic from agroresidues and their health benefits","volume":"53","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.09.124","article-title":"Production of xylooligosaccharide from wheat bran by microwave assisted enzymatic hydrolysis","volume":"138","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.17.0908","article-title":"Effect of probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide supplementation on nutrient digestibility, intestinal health and noxious gas emission in weanling pigs","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641172","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.641172","article-title":"Effects of xylo-oligosaccharides on growth and gut microbiota as potential replacements for antibiotic in weaning piglets","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.08.028","article-title":"Effects of xylo-oligosaccharide on growth performance, diarrhea rate and plasma biochemical parameters of weaned piglets","volume":"28","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese J Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa106","article-title":"Effects and interaction of dietary electrolyte balance and citric acid on the intestinal function of weaned piglets","volume":"98","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e05477","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.05477","article-title":"Gut bacteria are rarely shared by co-hospitalized premature infants, regardless of necrotizing enterocolitis development","volume":"4","author":"Raveh-Sadka","year":"2015","journal-title":"eLife."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.4.946","article-title":"Administration of equol-producing bacteria alters the equol production status in the simulator of the gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME)","volume":"136","author":"Decroos","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.50269","article-title":"Soybean oligosaccharides alter colon short-chain fatty acid production and microbial population in vitro","volume":"90","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2014.08.008","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides increases short-chain fatty acids but decreases protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned Huanjiang mini-piglets","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0128207","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128207","article-title":"Characterization and regulation of the amino acid transporter SNAT2 in the small intestine of piglets","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.11.015","article-title":"Changes in the luminal environment of the colonic epithelial cells and physiopathological consequences","volume":"187","author":"Blachier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e3282efdebb","article-title":"Gut microflora as a target for energy and metabolic homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Cani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0668","article-title":"Effects of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and fecal shedding of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus in weaning pigs","volume":"86","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.5.1052s","article-title":"Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics: approaches for modulating the microbial ecology of the gut","volume":"69","author":"David","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2015.1064869","article-title":"In vitro study of the prebiotic xylooligosaccharide (XOS) on the growth of Bifidobacterium spp and Lactobacillus spp","volume":"66","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15479","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA13557A","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress activates NF-kappa B and Nrf2\/Keap1 signals and triggers autophagy in piglets","volume":"5","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.1.299s","article-title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of intestinal absorption","volume":"55","author":"Caspary","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(03)00163-9","article-title":"A review of interactions between dietary fibre and the intestinal mucosa, and their consequences on digestive health in young non-ruminant animals","volume":"108","author":"Montagne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020554","article-title":"The influences of soybean agglutinin and functional oligosaccharides on the intestinal tract of monogastric animals","volume":"19","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2005.06.009","article-title":"Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on the performance, intestinal morphology and cecal fermentation of fattening rabbits","volume":"126","author":"Mourao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5880","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01616-15","article-title":"Effects of xylo-oligosaccharides on broiler chicken performance and microbiota","volume":"81","author":"De","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2014.3265","article-title":"Fermented green tea extract alleviates obesity and related complications and alters gut microbiota composition in diet-induced obese mice","volume":"18","author":"Seo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Food."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1079\/NRR200479","article-title":"Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics","volume":"17","author":"Gibson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7189.999","article-title":"Probiotics and prebiotics: can regulating the activities of intestinal bacteria benefit health?","volume":"318","author":"Macfarlane","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2002628","article-title":"Probiotics as modulators of the gut flora","volume":"88","author":"Fooks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2009.11.001","article-title":"Interactions of gut microbiota with functional food components and nutraceuticals","volume":"61","author":"Laparra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2244(96)10038-8","article-title":"Production, properties and applications of food-grade oligosaccharides","volume":"7","author":"Crittenden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Tech."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-6946(99)00046-1","article-title":"Recent progress on research and applications of non-digestible galacto-oligosaccharides","volume":"9","author":"Sako","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Dairy J."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2006.06.038","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids protect gnotobiotic artemia franciscana from pathogenic vibrio campbellii","volume":"261","author":"Defoirdt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aquaculture."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.033423-0","article-title":"Inhibition of the cytotoxic effect of Clostridium difficile in vitro by Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 strain","volume":"60","author":"Woo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.1.538","article-title":"The bacterial fermentation product butyrate influences epithelial signaling via reactive oxygen species-mediated changes in cullin-1 neddylation","volume":"182","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00279.2010","article-title":"The probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum counteracts TNF-{alpha}-induced downregulation of SMCT1 expression and function","volume":"299","author":"Borthakur","year":"2010","journal-title":"AM J Physiol-Gastr L."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2007.07.012","article-title":"Adherens and tight junctions: structure, function and connections to the actin cytoskeleton","volume":"1778","author":"Hartsock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1308","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001308","article-title":"Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 inhibits leaky gut by enhancing mucosal integrity","volume":"2","author":"Ukena","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.09.022","article-title":"The role of molecular remodeling in differential regulation of tight junction permeability","volume":"36","author":"Turner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO02485E","article-title":"Dietary xylo-oligosaccharide improves intestinal functions in weaned piglets","volume":"10","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.207","article-title":"Bifidogenic effect of whole-grain wheat during a 12-week energy-restricted dietary intervention in postmenopausal women","volume":"67","author":"Christensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.680208\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T04:43:02Z","timestamp":1623818582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.680208\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2021.680208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.680208","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"article-number":"680208"}}