{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:34:54Z","timestamp":1753893294661,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Focal palatine erosion (FPE) is a misleading term that is used in the literature to describe inflammatory lesions associated with depressions of the palatal mucosa in cheetah. Cheetahs have large cheek teeth and these depressions are formed to accommodate them. Previously FPE was only described as a mandibular molar tooth malocclusion on the hard palate due to suspected rotation and super eruption of the mandibular molar teeth of cheetahs aged 18 months and older. Two hundred and fifty six cheetahs (135 male, 121 female), originating from two independent facilities, had their oral cavities evaluated as part of an annual health visit over a decade. Ninety-nine cheetahs were seen once, 59 cheetahs were seen twice, 33 were seen three times, 43 on four occasions, 16 on five occasions, 5 on six occasions, and 1 cheetah was seen seven times. Apart from these clinical cases a prospective study on 5 cheetah cubs (3 male and 2 female) was conducted to document their skull development and mandibular molar tooth eruption over a period of 25 months. Of the 261 cheetahs observed none developed rotation or super eruption of their mandibular molar teeth. The term FPE is a misnomer as these inflammatory lesions were found in palatal depressions opposing any of the cusps of all of the cheetah mandibular cheek teeth. It consisted mainly of deep ulcerations, inflammation and oedema and also micro abscess formation. In severe cases oro-nasal fistulas were present. Of all the depressions present on the cheetah's palate, the large one palatal to the 4th maxillary premolar tooth was most commonly affected. In the five cubs evaluated prospectively, focal palatitis was evident from the 7 month evaluation, before all the permanent teeth erupted. Conservative treatment of the inflamed depressions by removing the foreign material through curettage and copious flushing reduced the grade of the inflammation when observed on follow-up. Focal palatine erosion is an incorrect term used to describe focal palatitis that occurs randomly in cheetahs. This focal palatitis is often associated with foreign material trapped in the palatal depressions. Conservative management is sufficient to treat these animals without odontoplasties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.682150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T10:26:17Z","timestamp":1626085577000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Focal Palatitis (Previously Focal Palatine Erosions) in Captive Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Steenkamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonja C.","family":"Boy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"van Staden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marth\u00e1n N.","family":"Bester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.1430010403","article-title":"Focal palatine erosion associated with dental malocclusion in captive cheetahs","volume":"1","author":"Fitch","year":"1982","journal-title":"Zoo Biol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1644\/1545-1542(","article-title":"Dental anomalies and incidence of palatal erosion in Namibian cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)","volume":"85","author":"Marker","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Mammal."},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"FaganDA\n          Colyer InstituteCheetah Focal Palatine Erosion Study Evaluation Protocol2014"},{"key":"B4","article-title":"Early detection of dental and oral pathology","volume-title":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Zoo Dentistry Symposium","author":"Scheels","year":"2002"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"79","article-title":"Relationship among diet, growth and occurrence of focal palatine erosion in wild-caught captive cheetahs","volume":"18","author":"Phillips","year":"1993","journal-title":"Madoqua."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.2307\/1382408","article-title":"Bone consumption by cheetahs at undisturbed kills: evidence for a lack of focal-palatine erosion","volume":"74","author":"Phillips","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Mammal."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.20392","article-title":"Focal palatine erosion in captive and free-living cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and other felid species","volume":"31","author":"Zordan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zoo Biol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/jzo.12422","article-title":"How the cheetahs' specialised palate accommodates its abnormally large teeth","volume":"301","author":"Steenkamp","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Zool."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2017.12.004","article-title":"Oral, Maxillofacial and Dental Diseases in Captive Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)","volume":"158","author":"Steenkamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol."},{"volume-title":"Discovering Statistics Using SPSS","year":"2009","author":"Field","key":"B10"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00256","article-title":"Longitudinal radiographic study of cranial bone growth in young cheetah","volume":"6","author":"Steenkamp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-143","article-title":"Hippobosca longipennis\u2013a potential intermediate host of a species of Acanthocheilonema in dogs in northern India","volume":"4","author":"Rani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12339","article-title":"The effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha on bone cells involved in periodontal alveolar bone loss; osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes","volume":"51","author":"Algate","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.682150\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T10:26:23Z","timestamp":1626085583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.682150\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"references-count":13,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2021.682150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.682150","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2297-1769"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"article-number":"682150"}}