{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T19:33:33Z","timestamp":1771961613086,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Raccoon dogs as an ancient species of <jats:italic>Canidae<\/jats:italic> are the host of many viruses, including rabies virus, canine distemper virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and so on. With the development of raccoon dog breeding in recent years, some viruses which infected poultry or pigs were also detected from raccoon dogs. At present, the fecal virome of raccoon dogs has been rarely studied. Using an unbiased viral metagenomic approach, we investigated the fecal virome in raccoon dogs collected from one farm of Jilin Province, China. Many DNA or RNA viruses identified in those fecal samples were mainly from seven families, including <jats:italic>Circoviridae, Smacoviridae, Genomoviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Astroviridae<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Hepeviridae<\/jats:italic>. This study increased our understanding of the fecal virome in raccoon dog and provided valuable information for the monitoring, prevention, and treatment of viral diseases of these animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.693564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T05:46:48Z","timestamp":1626068808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Viral Metagenomics Reveals Diverse Viruses in the Feces Samples of Raccoon Dogs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Shixing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ullah","family":"Kalim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HengZheng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4682","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004682","article-title":"Molecular characterization of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza A viruses isolated from raccoon dogs in China","volume":"4","author":"Qi","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.11.006","article-title":"Molecular characteristics of H9N2 influenza viruses isolated from farmed raccoon dogs and arctic foxes in China","volume":"135","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.07.006","article-title":"Epizootic canine distemper virus infection among wild mammals","volume":"154","author":"Kameo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.01.016","article-title":"Emergence of novel canine parvovirus type 2 and its pathogenesis in raccoon dogs","volume":"216","author":"Jia-Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2012.140289","article-title":"Novel amdoparvovirus infecting farmed raccoon dogs and arctic foxes","volume":"20","author":"Shao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1856-2","article-title":"First detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 in raccoon dogs","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2018.1563457","article-title":"Canine bufavirus in faeces and plasma of dogs with diarrhoea, China","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3390\/v11050398","article-title":"Chapparvovirus DNA found in 4% of dogs with diarrhea","volume":"11","author":"Fahsbender","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.05.020","article-title":"Characterization of the fecal virome in dogs with chronic enteropathy","volume":"221","author":"Moreno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-016-0589-0","article-title":"A novel rodent Chapparvovirus in feces of wild rats","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virol J."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-217X-1-18","article-title":"SOAPdenovo2: an empirically improved memory-efficient short-read de novo assembler","volume":"1","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gigascience."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-192-2:221","article-title":"The use of CLUSTAL W and CLUSTAL X for multiple sequence alignment","volume":"132","author":"Aiyar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","article-title":"MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms","volume":"35","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-031413-085444","article-title":"Parvoviruses: small does not mean simple","volume":"1","author":"Cotmore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Virol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.008540-0","article-title":"Resolving ambiguities in genetic typing of human enterovirus species C clinical isolates and identification of enterovirus 96, 99 and 102","volume":"90","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gen Virol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17086","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.86","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus infection","volume":"3","author":"Kamar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-10-2449","article-title":"Genetic identification and characterization of a novel virus related to human hepatitis E virus from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the United States","volume":"82","author":"Haqshenas","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Virol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20167","article-title":"Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere","volume":"540","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01354-17","article-title":"Viral diversity of house mice in New York City","volume-title":"MBio.","author":"Williams","year":"2018"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vev009","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vev009","article-title":"The global distribution of Banana bunchy top virus reveals little evidence for frequent recent, human-mediated long distance dispersal events","volume":"1","author":"Stainton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virus Evol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.7.3528-3535.2005","article-title":"Previously unknown virus infects marine diatom","volume":"71","author":"Nagasaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-017-3247-y","article-title":"Revisiting the taxonomy of the family Circoviridae: establishment of the genus Cyclovirus and removal of the genus Gyrovirus","volume":"162","author":"Rosario","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Virol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-3820-z","article-title":"Smacoviridae: a new family of animal-associated single-stranded DNA viruses","volume":"163","author":"Varsani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Virol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.01.005","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the small nonstructural proteins of parvovirus Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) during infection","volume":"3","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virology."},{"key":"B25","first-page":"135","article-title":"The epizootiology of aleutian disease","volume":"44","author":"Gorham","year":"1976","journal-title":"Front Biol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001187","article-title":"Co-circulation of highly diverse Aleutian mink disease virus strains in Finland","volume":"100","author":"Virtanen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gen Virol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985818758470","article-title":"Amdoparvovirus Infection in Red Pandas(Ailurus fulgens)","volume":"55","author":"Alex","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Pathol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05481-11","article-title":"Natural occurrence and characterization of two internal ribosome entry site elements in a novel virus, canine picodicistrovirus, in the picornavirus-like superfamily","volume":"86","author":"Woo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-017-3565-0","article-title":"Dicipivirus (family Picornaviridae) in wild Northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus)","volume":"163","author":"Reuter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Virol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(02)02383-1","article-title":"Picornavirus-receptor interactions","volume":"10","author":"Rossmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-16-103","article-title":"Viral and host proteins involved in picornavirus life cycle","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2017.01.010","article-title":"Regulation mechanisms of viral IRES-driven translation","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5967","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00088-14","article-title":"High rates of infection with novel enterovirus variants in wild populations of mandrills and other old world monkey species","volume":"88","author":"Van Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.114.11.279-a","article-title":"Astrovirus-like particles associated with hepatitis in ducklings","volume":"114","author":"Gough","year":"1984","journal-title":"Vet Rec."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)90858-2","article-title":"28 nm particles in f\u00e6ces in infantile gastroenteritis","volume":"2","author":"Madeley","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.33073\/pjm-2020-051","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a novel recombinant porcine astrovirus from pigs in Anhui, China","volume":"69","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polish J Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.693564\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T05:46:52Z","timestamp":1626068812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.693564\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2021.693564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.693564","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"article-number":"693564"}}