{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T14:11:17Z","timestamp":1794060677684,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Improving the nutritional quality of unconventional feed ingredients such as fava bean by-products can enhance their utilization by broiler chickens. Hence, the quality of fermented fava bean by-products (FFB), in addition to growth, nutrient digestibility, digestive enzyme, and intestinal barrier-related gene expression, and serum biochemical and immunological parameters were evaluated in response to different levels of FFB. A total of 500 1-day-old broiler chicks (46.00 \u00b1 0.388 g) were allocated to five groups with 10 replicates each (100 chicks per treatment). The first group was fed a corn\u2013soybean diet (control diet), and the other four groups were fed a diet containing 5, 15, 25, and 35% FFB for 38 days. Birds fed 25% FFB exhibited maximum body weight gain (increase by 12.5%, compared with the control group) and the most improved feed conversion ratio. Additionally, birds fed FFB at 15, 25, and 35% showed improved dry matter and crude protein digestibility. Moreover, birds fed FFB at 25 and 35% exhibited a decrease in ileal pH and an increase in fiber digestibility (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05). Upregulation of digestive enzyme genes (\n                    <jats:italic>AMY2A, PNLIP<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>CCK<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was observed in groups fed with FFB. The most prominent upregulation of genes encoding tight junction proteins (claudin-1, occludin, and junctional adhesion molecules) in the duodenum was observed in chicks fed 25 and 35% FFB (increase of 0.66-, 0.31-, and 1.06-fold and 0.74-, 0.44-, and 0.92-fold, respectively). Additionally, the highest expression level of enterocyte protective genes [glucagon-like peptide (\n                    <jats:italic>GLP-2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), mucin-2 (\n                    <jats:italic>MUC-2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and fatty acid-binding protein (\n                    <jats:italic>FABP-6<\/jats:italic>\n                    )] was detected in duodenum of chicks fed high levels of FFB. Substitution of corn\u2013soybean diet with FFB had an inhibitory effect on cecal pathogenic microbes (\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and increased beneficial microflora (\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacilli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), especially at high levels. Additionally, an increase was observed in IgM and lysozyme activity, with no effect on IgA in all groups fed FFB. All levels of FFB decreased cholesterol levels. Based on our results, we concluded that substitution of corn\u2013soybean diet with FFB can improve the growth rate and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens, enhance their intestinal barrier functions, and increase the number of beneficial microorganisms. Using FFB at 25% had a positive effect on the growth performance of broiler chickens, and it could be utilized in poultry farms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.696841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T01:29:41Z","timestamp":1626312581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Performance, Serum Biochemical and Immunological Parameters, and Digestive Enzyme and Intestinal Barrier-Related Gene Expression of Broiler Chickens Fed Fermented Fava Bean By-Products as a Substitute for Conventional Feed"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Anaam E.","family":"Omar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan S.","family":"Al-Khalaifah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamer Ahmed","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reda M.","family":"Abd El-Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shefaa A. M.","family":"El-Mandrawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shymaa I.","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.5661\/recadv-06-331","article-title":"Nutritional value of legumes (pea and faba bean) and economics of their use","volume":"2006","author":"Cr\u00e9pon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Recent Adv Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.009071","article-title":"Nutritional and biochemical assessment of field peas (Pisum sativum L.) as a protein source in poultry diets","volume":"47","author":"Ravindran","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Poult Sci."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"18","article-title":"Grain legumes and transit in humans","author":"Guillon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Grain Legumes."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture8060086","article-title":"The efficacy of high-protein tropical forages as alternative protein sourcesfor chickens: a review","volume":"8","author":"Abdelnour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agriculture."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2010.01.010","article-title":"Nutritional value of faba beans (Vicia faba L","volume":"156","author":"Nalle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2478\/agro-2013-0005","article-title":"Effect of using green beans processing by-products with and without enzyme supplementation on broilers performance and blood parameters","volume":"30","author":"Abbel-Monein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Agrobiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2011.596639","article-title":"Nutritional and health perspectives of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L","volume":"54","author":"Hayat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"B8","first-page":"811","article-title":"Evaluation of the chemical composition of Mucuna utilis leaves used in herbal medicine in Southeastern Nigeria","volume":"4","author":"Ujowundu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr J Pharm Pharmacol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-007-9028-y","article-title":"The growth performances of broiler chickens as affected by diets containing common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) treated by different methods","volume":"39","author":"Teguia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev302","article-title":"Effects of co-fermented Pleurotus eryngii stalk residues and soybean hulls by Aureobasidium pullulans on performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens","volume":"94","author":"Lai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2015.12.008","article-title":"Extrusion cooking improves the metabolisable energy of faba beans and the amino acid digestibility in broilers","volume":"212","author":"Hejdysz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2009.02.008","article-title":"Nutritional quality of legume seeds as affected by some physical treatments, part 1: protein quality evaluation","volume":"42","author":"Khattab","year":"2009","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci Technol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-003-1504-3","article-title":"Biotechnological advantages of laboratory-scale solid-state fermentation with fungi","volume":"64","author":"H\u00f6lker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.19.0392","article-title":"Effects of dietary Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product supplementation on antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Austr J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1021\/jf072177j","article-title":"Immunoreactivity and amino acid content of fermented soybean products","volume":"56","author":"Frias","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.4.1097","article-title":"Traditional food-processing and preparation practices to enhance the bioavailability of micronutrients in plant-based diets","volume":"137","author":"Hotz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.15.0627","article-title":"Role of fermentation in improving nutritional quality of soybean meal\u2014a review","volume":"29","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Austr J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2011.08.005","article-title":"Bio-modification of soybean meal with Bacillus subtilis or Aspergillus oryzae","volume":"1","author":"Teng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biocatal Agric Biotechnol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0189-7241(15)30128-4","article-title":"Effect of fermentation time on the phenolic, flavonoid and vitamin C contents and antioxidant activities of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seeds","volume":"32","author":"Adetuyi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nigerian Food J."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2012.12429","article-title":"The metabolizable energy value, standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in soybean meal, soy protein concentrate and fermented soybean meal, and the application of these products in early-weaned piglets","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Aust J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.03.112","article-title":"Effect of fermentation on the antioxidant activity in plant-based foods","volume":"160","author":"Hur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2010.12.034","article-title":"Lactic acid bacteria in traditional fermented Chinese foods","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Res Int."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.6.1149","article-title":"Effects of fermented soybean meal on digestive enzyme activities and intestinal morphology in broilers","volume":"86","author":"Feng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B24","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International","author":"Latimer","year":"2012"},{"key":"B25","unstructured":"AviagenW\n          Ross 308: Broiler's Management and Nutrition Specification2018"},{"key":"B26","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International","year":"2012"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-8401(95)00916-7","article-title":"Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies","volume":"59","author":"Short","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B28","volume-title":"Animal Nutrition","author":"McDonald","year":"2002"},{"key":"B29","volume-title":"AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition","year":"2013"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03548556","article-title":"Improved agar plate assays of bovine lysozyme and haemolytic complement activity","volume":"27","author":"Lie","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e653","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12808","article-title":"Gene expression and morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa associated with increased permeability induced by short-term fasting in chickens","volume":"102","author":"Gilani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4592-2","article-title":"Upregulation of genes encoding digestive enzymes and nutrient transporters in the digestive system of broiler chickens by dietary supplementation of fiber and inclusion of coarse particle size corn","volume":"19","author":"Kheravii","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2013 \u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2017.1315051","article-title":"Effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance, gastrointestinal microflora population and small intestinal morphology in broiler chickens","volume":"58","author":"Jazi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-017-0184-2","article-title":"Solid-state fermentation of corn-soybean meal mixed feed with Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium for degrading antinutritional factors and enhancing nutritional value","volume":"8","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey071","article-title":"Fermented soybean meal exhibits probiotic properties when included in Japanese quail diet in replacement of soybean meal","volume":"97","author":"Jazi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.01.007","article-title":"Fermented rapeseed meal is effective in controlling Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection and improving growth performance in broiler chicks","volume":"201","author":"Ashayerizadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.0130022","article-title":"An evaluation of cassava pulp feedstuff fermented with A. oryzae, on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass quality of broilers","volume":"51","author":"Khempaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Poultry Sci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1080\/09540105.2015.1079592","article-title":"Effects of fermented rapeseed meal on antioxidant functions, serum biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology in broilers","volume":"27","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Agric Immunol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8972","DOI":"10.1021\/jf071823b","article-title":"Fermentation as a bio-process to obtain functional soybean flours","volume":"55","author":"Fernandez-Orozco","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1094\/CCHEM-01-13-0007-R","article-title":"Nutritional enhancement of soy meal via Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation","volume":"90","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereal Chem."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.11.001","article-title":"Recent advances in fermented feeds towards improved broiler chicken performance, gastrointestinal tract microecology and immune responses: a review","volume":"5","author":"Sugiharto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1996.17-315.x","article-title":"Detoxication of rapeseed meal by Rhizopus oligosporus sp-T3: a first step towards rapeseed protein concentrate","volume":"31","author":"Rozan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Technol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.22358\/jafs\/82779\/2018","article-title":"The effect of diets containing raw and fermented faba beans on gut functioning and growth performance in young turkeys","volume":"27","author":"Drazbo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Anim Feed Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6797","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez409","article-title":"Synergistic effects of fermented soybean meal and mannan-oligosaccharide on growth performance, digestive functions, and hepatic gene expression in broiler chickens","volume":"98","author":"Soumeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00041","article-title":"Screening of lactic acid bacteria toward their selection as a source of chicken probiotic","volume":"88","author":"Taheri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"B47","first-page":"563","article-title":"Improvement of the nutritional quality of cottonseed meal by Bacillus subtilis and the addition of papain","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Agric Biol."},{"key":"B48","first-page":"1682","article-title":"Effects of Bacillus subtilis on meat quality, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters of broilers","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin J Vet Sci."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2018.08.012","article-title":"Effects of feeding fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance, gastrointestinal microflora population, blood metabolites, meat quality, and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens","volume":"216","author":"Ashayerizadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Livest Sci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.21608\/jfds.2011.81949","article-title":"Effect of fermentation of faba bean (Vicia faba) on its nutritive and sensory properties","volume":"2","author":"El-Moghazy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Food Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02784033","article-title":"Fermentation of soybean meal with Aspergillus usamii improves zinc availability in rats","volume":"61","author":"Hirabayashi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-2863(93)90062-2","article-title":"Immunological effects of dietary peptide derived from soybean protein","volume":"4","author":"Yamauchi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2016.11.003","article-title":"Fermented soybean meal improves the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and microbial flora in piglets","volume":"3","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2006.868.872","article-title":"Feeding of fermented soybean meal on broiler performance","volume":"5","author":"Mathivanan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Poultry Sci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2014-03986","article-title":"Effects of trypsin inhibitor and particle size of expeller-extracted soybean meal on broiler live performance and weight of gizzard and pancreas","volume":"93","author":"Pacheco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2004.7.430","article-title":"Aspergillus oryzae GB-107 fermentation improves nutritional quality of food soybeans and feed soybean meals","volume":"7","author":"Hong","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Food."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.021","article-title":"Fermented liquid feed\u2014Microbial and nutritional aspects and impact on enteric diseases in pigs","volume":"173","author":"Canibe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3305","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex141","article-title":"Effects of multi-carbohydrase and phytase on standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids and apparent metabolizable energy in canola meal fed to broiler chicks","volume":"96","author":"Gallardo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12483","article-title":"Apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients and amino acids in soybean meal, fish meal, spray-dried plasma protein and fermented soybean meal to weaned pigs","volume":"87","author":"Jeong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim Sci J."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2017.02.002","article-title":"Study of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, nutrition metabolism and intestinal microflora of 1 to 42 d broiler chickens","volume":"3","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2014.02.005","article-title":"Effects of probiotics and bremelain fermented soybean meal replacing fish meal on growth performance, nutrient retention and carcass traits of broilers","volume":"163","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Livestock Sci."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9705-0","article-title":"Effect of fermented soybean meal on intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activities in weaned piglets","volume":"52","author":"Feng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Digest Dis Sci."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.37496\/rbz4920190096","article-title":"Effect of fermented soybean meal supplementation on some growth performance, blood chemical parameters, and fecal microflora of finishing pigs","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Bras Zootecnia."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2019-0040","article-title":"The effect of fermented soybean meal on performance, biochemical and immunological blood parameters in turkeys","volume":"19","author":"Chachaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Anim Sci."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2014-03872","article-title":"Nutritional value, performance, carcass quality, visceral organ size, and blood clinical chemistry of broiler chicks fed 30% tannin-free fava bean diets","volume":"93","author":"Usayran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2010-00173","article-title":"Productive traits and meat fatty acid profile of broiler chickens fed diets containing micronized fava beans (Vicia faba L. var. minor) as the main protein source","volume":"20","author":"Laudadio","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Appl Poultry Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.15.0245","article-title":"Feeding of dehulled-micronized faba bean (Vicia faba var. minor) as substitute for soybean meal in guinea fowl broilers: effect on productive performance and meat quality","volume":"28","author":"Tufarelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Aust J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669987070","article-title":"Optimum inclusion of field peas, faba beans, chick peas and sweet lupins in poultry diets. II. Broiler experiments","volume":"40","author":"Farrell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br Poultry Sci."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-012-0322-y","article-title":"Effects of dietary inclusion of fermented cottonseed meal on growth, cecal microbial population, small intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activity of broilers","volume":"45","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3600265","article-title":"Dietary and developmental regulation of intestinal sugar transport","volume":"360","author":"Ferraris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem J."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02603-0","article-title":"Effects of graded levels of microbial fermented or enzymatically treated dried brewer's grains on growth, digestive and nutrient transporter genes expression and cost effectiveness in broiler chickens","volume":"16","author":"Al-Khalaifah","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2014.12.006","article-title":"Immune modulation by Bacillus subtilis-based direct-fed microbials in commercial broiler chickens","volume":"200","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B73","first-page":"42","article-title":"Nutritional management of birds affected by heat","volume":"46","author":"Zaviezo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Indust Avi."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-019-0421-y","article-title":"Dietary encapsulated essential oils and organic acids mixture improves gut health in broiler chickens challenged with necrotic enteritis","volume":"11","author":"Pham","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.35","article-title":"The gastrointestinal mucus system in health and disease","volume":"10","author":"Johansson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2015.00057","article-title":"Regulation of the intestinal barrier function by host defense peptides","volume":"2","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9594","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15069594","article-title":"NOD-like receptors in intestinal homeostasis and epithelial tissue repair","volume":"15","author":"Parlato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11010149","article-title":"The Laetiporus sulphureus fermented product enhances the antioxidant status, intestinal tight junction, and morphology of broiler chickens","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"lb247","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.30.1","article-title":"The sterilized fermented feed improves intestinal barrier function and immune function in chicken","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/09540105.2019.1705766","article-title":"Peptides derived from fermented soybean meal suppresses intestinal inflammation and enhances epithelial barrier function in piglets","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Agric Immunol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02845","article-title":"Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus subtilis B10 on intestinal ultrastructure modulation and mucosal immunity development mechanism in broiler chickens","volume":"92","author":"Rajput","year":"2013","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5028","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez226","article-title":"Effects of probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum 16 and Paenibacillus polymyxa 10 on intestinal barrier function, antioxidative capacity, apoptosis, immune response, and biochemical parameters in broilers","volume":"98","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2005.59","article-title":"Raw pea (Pisum sativum), raw Faba bean (Vicia faba var. minor) and raw Lupin (Lupinus albus var. multitalia) as alternative protein sources in broiler diets","volume":"4","author":"Moschini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Italian J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509991991","article-title":"The probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus reduces cholesterol absorption through the down-regulation of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 in Caco-2 cells","volume":"103","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2006.08.018","article-title":"Effects of Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 fermented soybean meal on growth performance and plasma biochemical parameters in broilers","volume":"134","author":"Feng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/0307945021000071597","article-title":"Passage of Salmonella through the crop and gizzard of broiler chickens fed with fermented liquid feed","volume":"32","author":"Heres","year":"2003","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-0929.2010.00760.x","article-title":"Effects of fermented soybean meal on growth performance, diarrheal incidence and immune-response of neonatal calves","volume":"81","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim Sci J."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2011.10458","article-title":"Effects of fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance and serum parameters in ducks","volume":"24","author":"Fazhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Aust J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7744\/kjoas.20190062","article-title":"Effects of fermented soybean meal on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood profile and fecal microflora in weaning pigs","volume":"47","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Agric Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.696841\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T01:29:58Z","timestamp":1626312598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.696841\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2021.696841"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.696841","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"article-number":"696841"}}