{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T10:54:48Z","timestamp":1782816888926,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a Gram-negative coccobacillus. There are four <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> strains of zoonotic importance in our domestic species, subdivided by their culture phenotypes: <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>B. melitensis, B. suis<\/jats:italic> (smooth strains) and <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic> (rough strain). Dogs can serve as hosts for all four of the zoonotic strains; however, routine serologic testing in dogs has been limited to the identification of <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic> antibodies. The aim of our study was to identify smooth <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> strain antibodies in canines. We hypothesize that the <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic> Fluorescence Polarization Assay would be successful in identifying smooth Brucella strain antibodies in canines. Ninety-five dogs, including forty-five hog hunting dogs were screened for circulating antibodies to any of the four zoonotic strains of the bacteria utilizing a combination of Canine <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> Slide Agglutination Test (CBSA), <jats:italic>Brucella canis<\/jats:italic> Agar Gel Immunodiffusion II test (AGIDII), <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic> Card Agglutination Test (BCA), and the <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic> Fluorescence Polarization Assay (FPA). Test interpretation results yielded a 0% (0\/95) smooth <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> strain seropositivity rate, with 2% (2\/95) of dogs yielding inconclusive rough <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> strain serology results (0\u20132% rough strain seropositivity rate). Additionally, a retrospective portion of the study was performed to identify sera containing circulating antibodies to any of the smooth strains of <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> by testing previously banked canine serum samples stored at Cornell's Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory from 2018 to 2019 via <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic> FPA. Of the 769 serum samples tested, 13\/769 (1.7%) yielded an inconclusive result, 725\/769 (94.2%) were negative, 30\/769 (4%) yielded a positive FPA test result, and 1\/769 (0.1%) had to be excluded due to insufficient sample remaining to perform the diagnostic test. Of the 30 FPA positive canine serum samples, 97% (29\/30) also tested positive on the CBSA test. Additionally, there was a statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001) likelihood of altered (spayed\/neutered) and mixed breed dogs to be FPA positive when compared to intact, purebred dogs, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.697479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T06:55:51Z","timestamp":1625727351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Presumptive Identification of Smooth Brucella Strain Antibodies in Canines"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Alyssa 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