{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T06:15:02Z","timestamp":1793859302049,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000277","name":"Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000277","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The LFBK-\u03b1<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\u03b2<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> cell line is highly sensitive for the isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and porcinophilic vesicular viruses. However, LFBK-\u03b1<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\u03b2<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> cells are contaminated with a non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), which complicates handling procedures in areas where other cell lines are maintained, as well downstream use of viral isolates. In this study, we used an aromatic cationic compound (DB772) to treat LFBK-\u03b1<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\u03b2<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> cells using an approach that has been previously used to eliminate persistent BVDV from fetal fibroblast cell lines. After three cell passages with 4 \u03bcM DB772, BVDV could no longer be detected in unclarified cell suspensions using a pan-pestivirus real-time RT-PCR assay, and remained undetectable after treatment was stopped (nine passages) for an additional 28 passages. The analytical sensitivity of the DB772-treated LFBK-\u03b1<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\u03b2<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> cultures (renamed WRL-LFBK-\u03b1<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\u03b2<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>) to titrations of FMDV and other vesicular virus isolates was comparable to untreated LFBK-\u03b1<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\u03b2<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> cells. These new BVDV-free cells can be handled without the risk of cross-contaminating other cells lines or reagents, and used for routine diagnostics, <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> studies and\/or preparation of new vaccine strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.715120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T05:42:13Z","timestamp":1628660533000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Elimination of Non-cytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus From the LFBK-\u03b1v\u03b26 Cell Line"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ashley R.","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britta A.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald P.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Mioulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03370-12","article-title":"A continuous bovine kidney cell line constitutively expressing bovine \u03b1v\u03b26 integrin has increased susceptibility to foot-and-mouth disease virus","volume":"51","author":"LaRocco","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03220-14","article-title":"Correction for LaRocco. A continuous bovine kidney cell line constitutively expressing bovine \u03b1v\u03b26 integrin has increased susceptibility to foot-and-mouth disease virus","volume":"53","author":"LaRocco","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638715584156","article-title":"Comparative performance of fetal goal tongue cell line ZZ-R 127 and fetal porcine kidney cell line LFBK-\u03b1v\u03b26 for foot-and-mouth disease virus isolation","volume":"27","author":"Fukai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00426","article-title":"Evaluation of cell lines for the isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus and other viruses causing vesicular disease","volume":"7","author":"Gray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.06.001","article-title":"Foot-and-mouth disease virus: a first inter-laboratory comparison trail to evaluate virus isolation and RT-PCR detection methods","volume":"117","author":"Ferris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02616377","article-title":"Detection of bovine viruses in fetal bovine serum used in cell culture","volume":"11","author":"Kniazeff","year":"1975","journal-title":"In Vitro."},{"key":"B7","first-page":"1680","article-title":"Viral contamination of bovine fetal lung cultures and bovine fetal sera","volume":"41","author":"Rossi","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879100300302","article-title":"Methods for detection and frequency of contamination of fetal calf serum with bovine viral diarrhea virus and antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus","volume":"3","author":"Bolin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.6.1324","article-title":"Contamination of commercially available fetal bovine sera with bovine viral diarrhea virus genomes: implications for the study of hepatitis C virus in cell cultures","volume":"174","author":"Yanagi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879801000203","article-title":"Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus genotypes and antibody against those viral genotypes in fetal bovine serum","volume":"10","author":"Bolin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest."},{"key":"B11","first-page":"99","article-title":"Presence of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus in several cell lines","volume":"18","author":"Wellemans","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Rech Vet."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(94)90120-1","article-title":"Survey of cell lines in the American type culture collection for bovine viral diarrhea virus","volume":"48","author":"Bolin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Virol Methods."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1995.tb03301.x","article-title":"Demonstration and genotyping of pestivirus RNA from mammalian cell lines","volume":"39","author":"Harasawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.07.015","article-title":"Approved and experimental countermeasures against pestiviral diseases: bovine viral diarrhea, classical swine fever and border disease","volume":"100","author":"Newcomer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.47.7.2223-2230.2003","article-title":"Detection of inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus by aromatic cationic molecules","volume":"47","author":"Givens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Ch."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2004.07.004","article-title":"Prevention and elimination of bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in fetal fibroblast cells","volume":"64","author":"Givens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antivir Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1903","article-title":"Antiviral treatment of calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus","volume":"22","author":"Newcomer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antiviral Chem Chemother."},{"key":"B18","volume-title":"Minimum Biorisk Management Standards for Laboratories Working with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus","year":"2013"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.05.020","article-title":"A universal heterologous internal control system for duplex real-time RT-PCR assays used in a detection system for pestiviruses","volume":"136","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol Methods."},{"key":"B20","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Bovine viral diarrhoea","volume-title":"Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animal","year":"2018"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0162791","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162791","article-title":"Forsythoside A inhibits BVDV replication via TRAF2-dependent CD28\u20134-1BB signaling in bovine PBMCs","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.715120\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T05:42:18Z","timestamp":1628660538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.715120\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2021.715120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.715120","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"article-number":"715120"}}