{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:50:10Z","timestamp":1790189410202,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic> CGMCC 1258 and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:italic> LR1 are two important strains of probiotics. However, their different advantages in the probiotic effect of weaned pigs are still poorly understood. Therefore, the study was to investigate the comparative effects of dietary supplementation of <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> CGMCC 1258 and <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic> LR1 on growth performance, antioxidant function, and intestinal immunity in weaned pigs. Ninety barrows [initial body weight (BW) = 6.10 \u00b1 0.1 kg] 21 days old were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 5 replicates, each replicate containing 6 pigs. Pigs in control (CON) were fed a basal diet, and the basal diets supplemented with 5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup> CFU\/kg <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> CGMCC 1258 (LP) or <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic> LR1 (LR) for 42 days, respectively. The results showed that LP increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and the expression and secretion of interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), and interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) in intestinal mucosa, but has no significant effect on growth performance and diarrheal incidence. However, LR increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) final BW and average daily gain (ADG), reduced (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) 29\u201342-day diarrheal incidence, decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) the expression and secretion of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and IFN-\u03b3, and increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) the expression of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) in intestinal mucosa. In addition, the serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), mRNA relative expression of Na+-K+-2Cl\u2013 co-transporter 1 (NKCC1) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the content of toll-like relative (TLR2) and TLR4 in the jejunum, and secretory immunoglobulin (sIgA) content of ileal mucosa were higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) than LP. Collectively, dietary <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> CGMCC 1258 improved intestinal morphology, intestinal permeability, intestinal immunity, and antioxidant function in weaned pigs. Dietary <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic> LR1 showed better growth performance, a lower incidence of diarrhea, better intestinal morphology, and a higher extent of immune activation in weaned pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.728849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T08:07:06Z","timestamp":1636618026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Comparative Effects of L. plantarum CGMCC 1258 and L. reuteri LR1 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Function, and Intestinal Immunity in Weaned Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Qingsong","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibin","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiwen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenglan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxia","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongyong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2012.04.019","article-title":"Effects of dietary protein sources on growth performance and immune response of weanling pigs","volume":"148","author":"Che","year":"2012","journal-title":"Livest Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.02.004","article-title":"Effects of benzoic acid, bacillus coagulans and oregano oil combined supplementation on growth performance, immune status and intestinal barrier integrity of weaned piglets","volume":"6","author":"Pu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.2174\/0929866524666170223143615","article-title":"Dietary additive probiotics modulation of the intestinal microbiota","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Protein Peptide Lett."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e220843","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220843","article-title":"Beneficial roles of probiotics on the modulation of gut microbiota and immune response in pigs","volume":"14","author":"Shin","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-015-0014-3","article-title":"Study and use of the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri in pigs: a review","volume":"6","author":"Hou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643420","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.643420","article-title":"Meta-analysis: randomized trials of Lactobacillus plantarum on immune regulation over the last decades","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3709","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4434","article-title":"Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP243 on the growth performance and cytokine response of weaning pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J Anim","volume":"90","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6619","article-title":"Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on diarrhea and intestinal barrier function of young piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88","volume":"92","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-89","article-title":"Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ316 on pig growth and pork quality","volume":"8","author":"Suo","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00042","article-title":"Lactobacillus reuteri promotes intestinal development and regulates mucosal immune function in newborn piglets","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1510.10089","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of swine-derived Lactobacillus reuteri: probiotic properties and effects on intestinal porcine epithelial cells challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechn."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky129","article-title":"Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri LR1 on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and intestinal barrier function in weaned pigs","volume":"96","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7387","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO01781J","article-title":"Integrated metabolomic and proteomics profiling reveals the promotion of Lactobacillus reuteri LR1 on amino acid metabolism in the gut-liver axis of weaned pigs","volume":"1","author":"Yi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06498.x","article-title":"Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum LP-Onlly on gut flora and colitis in interleukin-10 knockout mice","volume":"26","author":"Xia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gastroen Hepatol."},{"key":"B15","volume-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Swine","year":"2012"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1943-0","article-title":"Effects of a Lactobacillus reuteri BR11 mutant deficient in the cystine-transport system in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"57","author":"Atkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Digest Dis Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2016.10.021","article-title":"Assessment of lipid peroxidation by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and relatives in biological samples: analytical and biological challenges","volume":"524","author":"Tsikas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal Biochem."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127156","article-title":"Impact of Lactobacillus plantarum 423 fermentation on the antioxidant activity and flavor properties of rice bran and wheat bran","volume":"330","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-018-0473-3","article-title":"Antioxidant and immune-enhancing effects of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 200655 isolated from kimchi","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9030250","article-title":"Dietary postbiotic Lactobacillus plantarum improves serum and ruminal antioxidant activity and upregulates hepatic antioxidant enzymes and ruminal barrier function in post-weaning lambs","volume":"9","author":"Izuddin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20200105","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765202020200105","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sake and Lactobacillus curvatus strains isolated from fermented Turkish Sucuk","volume":"92","author":"D\u00dcz","year":"2020","journal-title":"An Acad Bras Cienc."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-012-4241-7","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of potentially probiotic bacteria: in vitro and in vivo activities","volume":"97","author":"Amaretti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biot."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2012.12079","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001: in vitro assessment of antioxidant capacity and effect on growth performance and antioxidant status in weaning piglets","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Austral J Anim."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-019-9514-3","article-title":"Lactobacillus reuteri KT260178 supplementation reduced morbidity of piglets through its targeted colonization, improvement of cecal microbiota profile, and immune functions","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104010","article-title":"Effects of long-term feeding diets supplemented with Lactobacillus reuteri LR1 on growth performance, digestive and absorptive function of the small intestine in pigs","volume":"71","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Funct Foods."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0439-x","article-title":"The pros, cons, and many unknowns of probiotics","volume":"25","author":"Suez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2053","article-title":"Enteric infection meets intestinal function: how bacterial pathogens cause diarrhoea","volume":"7","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.12.47","article-title":"New advances in the pathophysiology of intestinal ion transport and barrier function in diarrhea and the impact on therapy","volume":"10","author":"Hoque","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti-Infe."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.129718","article-title":"Dynamic and differential regulation of NKCC1 by calcium and cAMP in the native human colonic epithelium","volume":"582","author":"Reynolds","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Physiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01921.x","article-title":"Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease","volume":"24","author":"Camilleri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s00795-013-0055-7","article-title":"Diamine oxidase as a marker of intestinal mucosal injury and the effect of soluble dietary fiber on gastrointestinal tract toxicity after intravenous 5-fluorouracil treatment in rats","volume":"47","author":"Fukudome","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Mol Morphol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2011.04.004","article-title":"D-lactate as a marker of venous-induced intestinal ischemia: an experimental study in pigs","volume":"9","author":"Nielsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Surg."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2016.1243","article-title":"Probiotic supplementation protects weaned pigs against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 challenge and improves performance similar to antibiotics","volume":"95","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-015-0372-1","article-title":"Lactobacillus reuteri I5007 modulates tight junction protein expression in IPEC-J2 cells with LPS stimulation and in newborn piglets under normal conditions","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18573","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018573","article-title":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae modulates immune gene expressions and inhibits ETEC-mediated ERK1\/2 and p38 signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"6","author":"Zanello","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112409","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum enhanced il-22 production in natural killer (nk) cells that protect the integrity of intestinal epithelial cell barrier damaged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli","volume":"18","author":"Qiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.9339","article-title":"Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum ACTT 8014 on 5-fluorouracil induced intestinal mucositis in Wistar rats","volume":"20","author":"Ciobanu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13198","article-title":"Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on the intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier function and microbiota composition of suckling piglets","volume":"103","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol An N."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012491543-5\/50018-8","article-title":"Biological activities of IgA","volume":"14","author":"Russell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.05.006","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity","volume":"34","author":"Kawai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.04.015","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 enhances ZO-1-associated intestinal epithelial barrier integrity via protein kinase C","volume":"127","author":"Cario","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.123","article-title":"Activation of TLR2 by a small molecule produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis increases antimicrobial defense against bacterial skin infections","volume":"130","author":"Lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-267x.2012.06.019","article-title":"Effects of probiotic preparation on growth performance and immune indices of early weaner piglets","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chinese J Anim Nutr."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.728849\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T08:07:10Z","timestamp":1636618030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.728849\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2021.728849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.728849","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"article-number":"728849"}}