{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T06:00:56Z","timestamp":1781762456560,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>To understand the effectiveness of a probiotic mixture on intestinal morphology, mucus layer composition, and cecal microbiota diversity, 40 10-day-old Guinea fowls (<jats:italic>Numida meleagris<\/jats:italic>) were assigned to two groups: the control group (C), receiving drinking water, and the treated group (P), receiving water plus a commercial multi-strain probiotic (Slab51\u00ae, 2 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup> CFU\/L). Birds were slaughtered after 4 months, and the intestines were collected. Samples from the duodenum, ileum, and cecum were processed for morphological and morphometric studies, and conventional glycohistochemistry. Cecal samples were also used to assess the microbiota by 16S metataxonomic approach. Group P showed significant increase in the villus height (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001 in the duodenum and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05 in the ileum and cecum), villus width (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05 in all investigated tracts), depth of crypts (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001 in the duodenum and cecum; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05 in the ileum), and goblet cells per villus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001 in all investigated tracts) compared with group C. Cecal microbiota of the birds varied considerably and comparing the relative abundance of the main observational taxonomic units (OTUs), a positive enrichment of several beneficial taxa, such as <jats:italic>Oscillospira, Eubacterium, Prevotella<\/jats:italic>, and members of the <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic>, was observed. The enrichment of those taxa can improve microbiota stability and resilience facing environmental stresses, enhancing its resistance against invading pathogens. <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic>, which represent the most important taxon in both groups, and <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic> have a key role in the gut physiology due to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are a vital energy source for enterocytes, improve glucose metabolism, and exert an overall anti-inflammatory effect. Probiotic administration enriches the presence of <jats:italic>Coprococcus, Oscillospira<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Eubacterium<\/jats:italic> taxa that produce butyrate, which exerts a beneficial effect on growth performance, structure of villi, and pathogen control and has anti-inflammatory properties too. This study indicates that Slab51\u00ae supplementation positively affects the morphology and microbiota diversity of the guinea fowl intestine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.743899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T07:13:30Z","timestamp":1635491610000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Positive Influence of a Probiotic Mixture on the Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota of Farmed Guinea Fowls (Numida meleagris)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Livio","family":"Galosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Desantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Roncarati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Robino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Bellato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Nebbia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilario","family":"Ferrocino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Santamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Biagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Filoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Rita","family":"Attili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"78","article-title":"Effects of dietary inclusion of Protexin (probiotic) on hatchability of Japanese quails","volume":"83","author":"Ayasan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Anim Sci"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/82.4.627","article-title":"Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production","volume":"82","author":"Patterson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(97)00136-0","article-title":"Probiotics","volume":"39","author":"Guarner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.2478\/s11756-006-0152-3","article-title":"Reasons for the apparent variation in the probiotic response","volume":"61","author":"Fuller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biologia"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2308","article-title":"Influence of probiotics in different energy and nutrient density diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and blood characteristics in growing-finishing pigs","volume":"88","author":"Meng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.2.386s","article-title":"In vitro selection criteria for probiotic bacteria of human origin: correlation with in vivo findings","volume":"73","author":"Dunne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03642.x","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the probiotic properties of human intestinal Bifidobacterium species and selection of new probiotic candidates","volume":"104","author":"Delgado","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2016.11.009","article-title":"Review of the mechanisms of probiotic actions in the prevention of colorectal cancer","volume":"37","author":"Sandra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.07.038","article-title":"Streptococcus thermophilus: from yogurt starter to a new promising probiotic candidate?","volume":"37","author":"Uriot","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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