{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:57:36Z","timestamp":1787500656001,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to retrospectively characterize outcomes and complications associated with osteochondral allograft transplantation for treating chondral and osteochondral lesions in a group of client-owned dogs with naturally-occurring disease. Records were reviewed for information on signalment, treated joint, underlying pathology (e.g., osteochondritis dissecans; OCD), and type, size, and number of grafts used. Complications were classified as \u201ctrivial\u201d if no treatment was provided, \u201cnon-surgical\u201d if non-surgical treatment were needed, \u201cminor surgical\u201d if a minor surgical procedure such as pin removal were needed but the graft survived and function was acceptable, or \u201cmajor\u201d if the graft failed and revision surgery were needed. Outcomes were classified as unacceptable, acceptable, or full function. Thirty-five joints in 33 dogs were treated including nine stifles with lateral femoral condyle (LFC) OCD and 10 stifles with medial femoral condyle (MFC) OCD treated with osteochondral cylinders or \u201cplugs.\u201d There were 16 \u201ccomplex\u201d procedures of the shoulder, elbow, hip, stifle, and tarsus using custom-cut grafts. In total there were eight trivial complications, one non-surgical complication, two minor surgical complications, and five major complications for a total of 16\/35 cases with complications. Accordingly, there were five cases with unacceptable outcomes, all of whom had major complications while the other 30 cases had successful outcomes. Of the 30 cases with successful outcomes, 15 had full function and 15 had acceptable function. Based on these subjective outcome assessments, it appears osteochondral allograft transplantation is a viable treatment option in dogs with focal or complex cartilage defects. However, no conclusions can be made regarding the inferiority or superiority of allograft transplantation in comparison to other treatment options based upon these data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.759610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T02:32:32Z","timestamp":1640313152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Outcomes Associated With Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Samuel P.","family":"Franklin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron M.","family":"Stoker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean M.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Kowaleski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Gillick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley E.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Karlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181d9eea0","article-title":"Prevalence of chondral defects in athletes' knees: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Flanigan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094772","article-title":"Cartilage issues in football-today's problems and tomorrow's solutions","volume":"49","author":"Mithoefer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.17236\/sat00091","article-title":"Prevalence of humeral head osteochondrosis in the Greater Swiss Mountain dog and the Border Collie in Switzerland","volume":"158","author":"Ohlerth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1633097","article-title":"Incidence of canine appendicular musculoskeletal disorders in 16 veterinary teaching hospitals from 1980 through (1989)","volume":"7","author":"Johnson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.5.08","article-title":"Epidemiology of posttraumatic osteoarthritis","volume":"52","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Athl Train."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2011.11.007","article-title":"Translational animal models using veterinary patients - an example of canine osteoarthritis (OA)","volume":"3","author":"Vainio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand J Pain."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000479","article-title":"Epidemiology of osteoarthritis: literature update","volume":"30","author":"Vina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2012.01264.x","article-title":"Advances in total joint replacement in small animals","volume":"53","author":"Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00383.x","article-title":"Autogenous osteochondral grafting for treatment of stifle osteochondrosis in dogs","volume":"37","author":"Cook","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Surg."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00243","article-title":"A pilot clinical study assessing treatment of canine hip dysplasia using autologous protein solution","volume":"6","author":"Franklin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.4.440","article-title":"What is the evidence? 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