{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T19:29:12Z","timestamp":1793215752615,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the process of cryopreservation of dairy goat semen, it will face many threats such as oxidative damage, which will affect the motility and plasma membrane function of sperm. As an endogenous antioxidant in animals, glutathione (GSH) can significantly improve the quality of thawed sperm when added to the frozen diluent of semen of pigs and cattle. In this study, different concentration gradients of GSH [0 mmol\/L (control), 1, 2, 3, 4 mmol\/L] were added to the frozen diluent of Guanzhong dairy goat semen. By detecting the sperm motility parameters, acrosome intact rate and plasma membrane intact rate after thawing, the effect of GSH on the cryopreservation of dairy goat semen was explored. Sperm motility parameters were measured with the computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) system (total power, TM; forward power, PM; linearity, LIN; average path speed, VAP; straight line speed, VSL; curve speed, VCL; beat cross frequency, BCF). The sperm acrosome integrity rate after thawing was detected by a specific fluorescent probe (isothiocyanate-labeled peanut agglutinin, FITC-PNA), and the sperm plasma membrane integrity rate after thawing was detected by the hypotonic sperm swelling (HOST) method. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) kit, malondialdehyde (MDA) kit, superoxide dismutase (SOD) kit, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) kit were used to detect various antioxidant indicators of thawed sperm. <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization experiment was used to verify the effect of adding glutathione on sperm fertilization and embryo development. The results showed that when the concentration of glutathione was 2 mmol\/l, the sperm viability, plasma membrane intact rate, and acrosome intact rate were the highest after thawing, reaching 62.14, 37.62, and 70.87% respectively, and they were all significantly higher. In terms of antioxidant indexes; the values of SOD and GSH-PX were 212.60 U\/ml and 125.04 U\/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group; The values of ROS and MDA were 363.05 U\/ml and 7.02 nmol\/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than the control group. The addition of 2 mmol\/L glutathione significantly improves the fertilization ability of sperm. In short, adding 2 mmol\/l glutathione to the semen diluent can improve the quality of frozen Guanzhong dairy goat sperm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.771440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T09:47:57Z","timestamp":1637228877000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Effect of Glutathione on Sperm Quality in Guanzhong Dairy Goat Sperm During Cryopreservation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixuan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dexian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongtao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2014.04.009","article-title":"Comparison of two different cryopreservation protocols for freezing goat semen","volume":"68","author":"Kucuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cryobiology."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2020.0067","article-title":"Effect of thawing rates and antioxidants on semen cryopreservation in Hu sheep","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biopreserv Biobank"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aju.2017.11.001","article-title":"Role of reactive oxygen species in male infertility: an updated review of literature","volume":"16","author":"Wagner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arab J Urol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_81_20","article-title":"Glutathione (GSH) improves sperm quality and testicular morphology in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice","volume":"23","author":"Abdullah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J Androl."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297914130082","article-title":"Role of glutathione, glutathione transferase, and glutaredoxin in regulation of redox-dependent processes","volume":"79","author":"Kalinina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2012.10.001","article-title":"Glutathione-supplemented tris-citric acid extender improves the post-thaw quality and in vivo fertility of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa","volume":"12","author":"Ansari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Biol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2006.12.001","article-title":"Protective effect of taurine, glutathione and trehalose on the liquid storage of ram semen","volume":"73","author":"Bucak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Small Rumin Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2013.00144.x","article-title":"Supplementing cryopreservation media with reduced glutathione increases fertility and prolificacy of sows inseminated with frozen-thawed boar semen","volume":"2","author":"Estrada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Andrology."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-013-9412-y","article-title":"Effects of in combination antioxidant supplementation on microscopic and oxidative parameters of freeze-thaw bull sperm","volume":"15","author":"Olfati Karaji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2008.03.002","article-title":"Effects of anti-oxidant additives on microscopic and oxidative parameters of Angora goat semen following the freeze\u2013thawing process","volume":"77","author":"Atessahin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Small Rumin Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2019.12.004","article-title":"Effect of substituting different concentrations of soybean lecithin and egg yolk in tris-based extender on goat semen cryopreservation","volume":"92","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cryobiology."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.5433\/1679-0359.2021v42n1p255","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid associated vitamin E in the diluent for cryopreservation of goat semen","volume":"42","author":"Da","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semina."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2009.90060","article-title":"Effects of sperm pretreatments and in vitro culture systems on development of in vitro fertilized embryos derived from prepubertal boer goat oocytes in China","volume":"22","author":"Lv","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asian-australas J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.3906\/vet-1509-49","article-title":"Effect of capacitating agents on sperm pretreatment during in vitro fertilization for blastocyst production in caprines","volume":"40","author":"Goel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turkish J Vet Anim Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18538","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18538","article-title":"High total antioxidant capacity of the porcine seminal plasma (SP-TAC) relates to sperm survival and fertility","volume":"5","author":"Barranco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.05.002","article-title":"Effects of reactive oxygen species on sperm function","volume":"78","author":"Guthrie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theriogenology."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1071\/RD15118","article-title":"Effects of reduced glutathione on acrosin activity in frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa","volume":"29","author":"Estrada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.01.009","article-title":"Decrease in glutathione (GSH) content in bovine sperm after cryopreservation: comparison between two extenders","volume":"67","author":"Stradaioli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2010.09.009","article-title":"The effect of cysteine and glutathione on sperm and oxidative stress parameters of post-thawed bull semen","volume":"61","author":"Tuncer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cryobiology."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.09.013","article-title":"Effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) supplementation to tris-egg yolk extender on chilled semen variables of dogs","volume":"198","author":"Andersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2007.09.002","article-title":"Effect of anti-oxidants and oxidative stress parameters on ram semen after the freeze\u2013thawing process","volume":"75","author":"Bucak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Small Rumin Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2016.12.008","article-title":"Use of antioxidants reduce lipid peroxidation and improve quality of crossbred ram sperm during its cryopreservation","volume":"74","author":"Banday","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cryobiology."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den060","article-title":"Protective effect of antioxidant supplementation in sperm-preparation medium against oxidative stress in human spermatozoa","volume":"23","author":"Chi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604477","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.604477","article-title":"A polyphenol-rich extract from entada abyssinica reduces oxidative damage in cryopreserved ram semen","volume":"7","author":"Sobeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2754\/avb200776030383","article-title":"Effects of oxidized glutathione, bovine serum albumin, cysteine and lycopene on the quality of frozen-thawed ram semen","volume":"76","author":"Uysal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Vet Brno."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6890-7-6","article-title":"Levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in seminal plasma and their relationship with seminal parameters","volume":"7","author":"Khosrowbeygi","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Clin Pathol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2003.11.013","article-title":"Decrease in glutathione content in boar sperm after cryopreservation. Effect of the addition of reduced glutathione to the freezing and thawing extenders","volume":"62","author":"Gadea","year":"2004","journal-title":"Theriogenology."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2019.06.004","article-title":"In vitro supplementation of testosterone or prolactin affects spermatozoa freezability in small ruminants","volume":"72","author":"Martinez-Fresneda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.771440\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T09:47:59Z","timestamp":1637228879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.771440\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2021.771440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.771440","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"article-number":"771440"}}