{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:44:09Z","timestamp":1792691049951,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000094","name":"Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exposure of lab animals, humans, and pigs to olfactory sensory feed additives may reduce response to stress and anxiety. The objective of this preliminary study was to determine if feeding a citrus-based olfactory sensory functional feed extract (derived from<jats:italic>Citrus sinensis<\/jats:italic>) reduces the negative impact of regrouping of lactating dairy cows. Thirty-two (parity = 2.0 \u00b1 1.2; mean \u00b1 SD), mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows (169.8 \u00b1 16.8 DIM) were enrolled as focal cows in this study and housed individually in a tie-stall facility where they were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment diets: (1) control total mixed ration (TMR) (control;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 16; primiparous = 7; multiparous = 9), or (2) control TMR with 4 g\/d of citrus extract (CE) (Phod\u00e9, Terssac, France) (CE;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 16; primiparous = 7; multiparous = 9). Cows were fed their experimental diets for 7 d in the tie-stall facility (baseline), then moved to 1 of 2 experimental free-stall pens (containing 29 other cows) for a period of 7 d, where they remained on the same treatment diet as before. Compared with their baseline, primiparous control cows had decreased rumination time on d 1 and 2, had decreased lying time on d 1, and tended to have decreased lying time on d 2 and 3 following regrouping. In contrast, primiparous cows fed the CE diet did not experience a change in rumination and lying time. Primiparous CE cows had greater feeding time on d 1 and tended to have greater feeding time on d 2 after regrouping compared to primiparous control cows. Primiparous control cows had greater idle standing time, as compared to the CE cows, across the 7 d after regrouping. Primiparous CE cows initiated less total competitive behavior after regrouping, but were also displaced more frequently from the feed bunk and from the free stalls on d 1 after regrouping, as compared to the primiparous control cows. For multiparous cows, CE supplementation was not consistently associated with any benefits to behavior or production after regrouping, possibly because these cows were more experienced with social stressors. Results indicate that feeding CE to mid-lactation na\u00efve primiparous dairy cows may reduce the initiation of competitive interactions and lessen the reduction in rumination and lying time after regrouping. These results need to be verified in further studies where potential confounding effects (e.g., pen social dynamics, pen location) are minimized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.773399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T05:05:58Z","timestamp":1642655158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of a Dietary Citrus Extract on the Behavior and Production of Lactating Dairy Cows Following Regrouping: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Felipe H.","family":"Padua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn M.","family":"Dancy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9e","family":"Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor J.","family":"DeVries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E156","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)70210-X","article-title":"Effect of animal grouping on feeding behavior and intake of dairy cattle","volume":"84","author":"Grant","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(02)00217-4","article-title":"Grouping and social preferences in calves, heifers and cows","volume":"80","author":"B\u00f8e","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(90)90125-W","article-title":"Stabilization of social hierarchy in dairy cows","volume":"27","author":"Kondo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)74692-9","article-title":"The effects on production and behavior of mixing uniparous and multiparous cows","volume":"84","author":"Phillips","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0532","article-title":"Acute behavioral effects of regrouping dairy cows","volume":"91","author":"von Keyserlingk","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3639","article-title":"Short-term effects of regrouping on behavior of prepartum dairy cows","volume":"94","author":"Schirmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B7","first-page":"3433","article-title":"Effect of regrouping Holstein cows on milk production and physical activity","volume":"22","author":"Torres-Cardona","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anim Plant Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-6921","article-title":"Reducing stocking density mitigates the negative effects of regrouping in dairy cattle","volume":"97","author":"Talebi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"TesfaKN Vancouver, BC, CanadaUniversity of British ColumbiaEffect of Regrouping on Social Behaviour and Milk Production of Mid-Lactation Dairy Cows, and Individual Variation in Aggression2013"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4681","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17593","article-title":"Changes in behavior and fecal cortisol metabolites when dairy cattle are regrouped in pairs versus individually after calving","volume":"103","author":"Mazer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2020.105033","article-title":"Do familiar group mates facilitate integration into the milking group after calving in dairy cows?","volume":"229","author":"Gutmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.02.020","article-title":"Anxiolytic-like effect of sweet orange aroma in Wistar rats","volume":"34","author":"Faturi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.107968","article-title":"Effect of aromatherapy with orange essential oil on salivary cortisol and pulse rate in children during dental treatment: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"2","author":"Pour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0243893","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243893","article-title":"Regular exposure to a Citrus-based sensory functional food ingredient alleviates the BOLD brain responses to acute pharmacological stress in a pig model of psychosocial chronic stress","volume":"15","author":"Menneson","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2005.06.031","article-title":"Ambient odors of orange and lavender reduce anxiety and improve mood in a dental office","volume":"86","author":"Lehrner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol Behav."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.09.040","article-title":"A citrus based sensory functional food ingredient induces antidepressant-like effects: possible involvement of an interplay between the olfactory and the serotonergic systems","volume":"451","author":"Coutens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0162660","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162660","article-title":"Familiarity to a feed additive modulates its effects on brain responses in reward and memory regions in the pig model","volume":"11","author":"Val-Laillet","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B18","volume-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed","year":"2001"},{"key":"B19","volume-title":"Guidelines on: The Care and Use of Farm Animals in Research, Teaching and Testing","year":"2009"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851993492.0000","volume-title":"Experimental Design and Analysis in Animal Sciences","author":"Morris","year":"1999"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"312","article-title":"Time required for adaptation of behavior, feed intake, and dietary digestibility in cattle","volume":"98","author":"Grant","year":"","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5129","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2945","article-title":"Evaluation of data loggers, sampling intervals, and editing techniques for measuring the lying behavior of dairy cattle","volume":"93","author":"Ledgerwood","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6052","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2361","article-title":"Validation of a system for monitoring rumination in dairy cows","volume":"92","author":"Schirmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72915-5","article-title":"Effect of feed barrier design on the behavior of loose-housed lactating dairy cows","volume":"88","author":"Endres","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6973","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-6764","article-title":"Effect of milking frequency on the behavior and productivity of lactating dairy cows","volume":"96","author":"Hart","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73293-2","article-title":"Effect of feeding space on the inter-cow distance, aggression, and feeding behavior of free-stall housed lactating dairy cows","volume":"87","author":"DeVries","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3349","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-794","article-title":"Overstocking reduces lying time in dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"Fregonesi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2007.06.001","article-title":"The concept of social dominance and the social distribution of feeding related displacements between cows","volume":"111","author":"Val-Laillet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3650","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4362","article-title":"Are there benefits in introducing dairy heifers to the main dairy herd in the evening rather than the morning?","volume":"95","author":"Boyle","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-648","article-title":"Usage of mechanical brushes by lactating dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"DeVries","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00535","article-title":"Understanding allogrooming through a dynamic social network approach: an example in a group of dairy cows","volume":"7","author":"de Freslon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B32","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Vol. I","author":"AOAC","year":"2000"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9060287","article-title":"Validation of a commercial automated body condition scoring system on a commercial dairy farm","volume":"9","author":"Mullins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)."},{"key":"B34","volume-title":"SAS version 9.4","year":"2013"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPC.IJPC_37_17","article-title":"The effect of aromatherapy with the essential oil of orange on pain and vital signs of patients with fractured limbs admitted to the emergency ward: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Hekmatpou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Palliat Care."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/s0031-9384(00)00308-5","article-title":"Ambient odor of orange in a dental office reduces anxiety and improves mood in female patients","volume":"71","author":"Lehrner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(96)01082-9","article-title":"The effects of social exchange between two groups of lactating primiparous heifers on milk production, dominance order, behavior and adrenocortical response","volume":"51","author":"Hasegawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3212","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4741","article-title":"Rumination and its relationship to feeding and lying behavior in Holstein dairy cows","volume":"95","author":"Schirmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3367","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13743","article-title":"Associations of feeding behavior and milk production in dairy cows","volume":"101","author":"Johnston","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/s0149-7634(99)00026-3","article-title":"Coping styles in animals: current status in behavior and stress-physiology","volume":"23","author":"Koolhaas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2004.09.013","article-title":"Individual coping characteristics, aggressiveness and fighting strategies in pigs","volume":"69","author":"Bolhuis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim Behav."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10081440","article-title":"Individual variability in response to social stress in dairy heifers","volume":"10","author":"Nogues","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.3390\/ani5040411","article-title":"Models and methods to investigate acute stress responses in cattle","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2012.01.016","article-title":"The effects of sensory functional ingredients on food preferences, intake and weight gain in juvenile pigs","volume":"138","author":"Clouard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.s0022-0302(76)84263-4","article-title":"Impact of social disorganization on behavior, milk yield, and body weight of dairy cows","volume":"59","author":"Brakel","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-12909","article-title":"Association of rumination time and health status with milk yield and composition in early-lactation dairy cows","volume":"101","author":"Kaufman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4434","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-5038","article-title":"Short communication: relationship between competitive success during displacements at an overstocked feed bunk and measures of physiology and behavior in Holstein dairy cattle","volume":"95","author":"Huzzey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.773399\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T20:54:23Z","timestamp":1674507263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.773399\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2021.773399"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.773399","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"article-number":"773399"}}