{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:56:06Z","timestamp":1773017766124,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), an MRI sequence for the detection of hemorrhage, allows differentiation of paramagnetic and diamagnetic substances based on tissue magnetic susceptibility differences. The three aims of this retrospective study included a comparison of the number of areas of signal void (ASV) between SWI and T2<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>-weighted imaging (T2<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>WI), differentiation of hemorrhage and calcification, and investigation of image deterioration by artifacts. Two hundred twelve brain MRIs, 160 dogs and 52 cats, were included. The sequences were randomized and evaluated for presence\/absence and numbers of ASV and extent of artifacts causing image deterioration by a single, blinded observer. In cases with a CT scan differentiation of paramagnetic (hemorrhagic) and diamagnetic (calcification) lesions was made, SWI was performed to test correct assignment using the Hounsfield Units. Non-parametric tests were performed to compare both sequences regarding detection of ASV and the effect of artifacts on image quality. The presence of ASV was found in 37 SWI sequences and 34 T2<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>WI sequences with a significant increase in ASV only in dogs &amp;gt;5 and \u2264 15 kg in SWI. The remaining weight categories showed no significance. CT examination was available in 11 cases in which 81 ASV were found. With the use of phase images, 77 were classified as paramagnetic and none as diamagnetic. A classification was not possible in four cases. At the level of the frontal sinus, significantly more severe artifacts occurred in cats and dogs (dogs, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001; cats, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) in SWI. The frontal sinus artifact was significantly less severe in brachycephalic than non-brachycephalic dogs in both sequences (SWI, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001; T2<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>WI, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). In conclusion, with the advantages of better detection of ASV in SWI compared with T2<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>WI and the opportunity to differentiate between paramagnetic and diamagnetic origin in most cases, SWI is generally recommended for dogs. Frontal sinus conformation appears to be a limiting factor in image interpretation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.779515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T06:26:03Z","timestamp":1639376763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Intracranial Lesion Detection and Artifact Characterization: Comparative Study of Susceptibility and T2*-Weighted Imaging in Dogs and Cats"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nadja","family":"Wolfer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Wang-Leandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrin M.","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Dennler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2019.20.e10","article-title":"Evaluating traumatic brain injury using conventional magnetic resonance imaging and susceptibility-weighted imaging in dogs","volume":"20","author":"Noh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00279","article-title":"Imaging Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Disease of the Brain in Dogs","volume":"7","author":"Arnold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12894","article-title":"Susceptibility weighted imaging at 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in dogs: comparison with T2*-weighted gradient echo sequence and its clinical indications.","volume":"61","author":"Weston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.580256","article-title":"Striate Artery Infarct After Bilateral Carotid Artery Ligation (BCAL) in a dog: a multimodal MRI study","author":"Komornik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1461","article-title":"Susceptibility-weighted imaging: technical aspects and clinical applications, part 2","volume":"30","author":"Mittal","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2010.00516.x","article-title":"Susceptibility-weighted imaging of the brain: current utility and potential applications","volume":"21","author":"Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021203071","article-title":"Susceptibility-weighted imaging: technical essentials and clinical neurologic applications","volume":"299","author":"Haller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1078\/0939-3889-00324","article-title":"Demonstration of paramagnetic and diamagnetic cerebral lesions by using susceptibility weighted phase imaging (SWI)","volume":"16","author":"Deistung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Z Med Phys."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073814552439","article-title":"Susceptibility-based differentiation of intracranial calcification and hemorrhage in pediatric patients","volume":"30","author":"Gumus","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Child Neurol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4248","article-title":"SWI or T2*: which MRI sequence to use in the detection of cerebral microbleeds? 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