{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T03:38:34Z","timestamp":1774928314900,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The molecular identification and antigenic characterization of P0 protein in <jats:italic>Babesia divergens<\/jats:italic>, a blood parasite of veterinary and zoonotic importance, were carried out in this study for use in developing subunit vaccines against <jats:italic>B. divergens<\/jats:italic> infection. Recombinant protein encoding P0 (BdP0) was developed in <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, and its antiserum was generated in mice for further molecular characterization. Anti-rBdP0 serum had a specific interaction with the corresponding legitimate <jats:italic>B. divergens<\/jats:italic> protein, as confirmed by Western blotting and indirect fluorescent antibody tests. ELISA was used to assess the immunogenicity of BdP0 in a group of 68 bovine field samples, and significant immunological reactivity was found in 19 and 20 positive samples of rBdp0 and <jats:italic>B. divergens<\/jats:italic> lysate, respectively. The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> growth of <jats:italic>B. divergens<\/jats:italic> cultures treated with anti-rBdP0 serum was significantly inhibited (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, after 6 h of incubation with 2 mg\/ml anti-rBdP0 serum, the ability of pre-incubated free merozoites to invade bovine erythrocytes was reduced by 59.88%. The obtained data suggest the possible use of rBdP0 as diagnostic antigen and may serve as a vaccine candidate against babesiosis caused by <jats:italic>B. divergens<\/jats:italic> either in animal or human.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.795906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T06:05:58Z","timestamp":1641535558000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identification and Characterization of P0 Protein as a Vaccine Candidate Against Babesia divergens, Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Shimaa Abd El-Salam","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed 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