{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T02:37:45Z","timestamp":1770691065676,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>There has been burgeoning interest in plant-based feed additives following restrictions placed on the use of antibiotic feed additives in many countries. Phytogenic feed additives are recommended to have a range of useful properties to support the growth and development of poultry to a similar level as that obtained by supplementing feed with antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, anti-lipoxygenase and antioxidant activity, and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> safety of fractions and isolated compounds from leaves of <jats:italic>Senna singueana<\/jats:italic>. Antibacterial activities of the fractions and isolated compounds were determined against a panel of bacteria using a two-fold serial microdilution assay and qualitative bioautography assays. Anti-lipoxygenase activity was evaluated using the ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) method. Antioxidant activity was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively using radical scavenging assays. Dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions from solvent-solvent partitioning had the best antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 156 to 313 \u03bcg\/ml. Fractions obtained from column chromatography had significant to weak antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 50 to 1,250 \u03bcg\/ml. Bioautography showed clear bands of bacterial inhibition, indicating the presence of a number of active compounds in several fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction and all the tested column fractions had potent anti-lipoxygenase activity with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of \u22642.5 \u03bcg\/ml which were lower than that of quercetin (positive control), indicating anti-inflammatory potential. The ethyl acetate fraction and several column fractions had powerful antioxidant activity with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of \u22645 \u03bcg\/ml in the ABTS assay. Cytotoxicity values against Vero kidney cells ranged from LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> = 40.0\u2013989.3 \u03bcg\/ml. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation and identification of a known bioactive compound, luteolin. <jats:italic>S. singueana<\/jats:italic> is a promising candidate for the development of poultry phytogenic feed additives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.800272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T05:59:50Z","timestamp":1642053590000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Bioassay Guided Fractionation of Senna singueana and Its Potential for Development of Poultry Phytogenic Feed Additives"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Prosper","family":"Jambwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fikile N.","family":"Makhubu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gift","family":"Matope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerda","family":"Fouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyndy J.","family":"McGaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-010-9458-2","article-title":"Herbal plants and their derivatives as growth and health promoters in animal nutrition","volume":"35","author":"Hashemi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Res Commun."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"234","article-title":"Application of herbs and phytogenic feed additives in poultry","volume":"2","author":"Alloui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Global J Anim Sci Res."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"167","article-title":"Phytogenic compounds used as feed additives in poultry production","volume":"4","author":"Muthusamy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Sci Env."},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"Senna singueana (Delile), record from PROTA4\n            KawangaV\n            BoschCH\n          \n            SchmelzerGH\n            Gurib-Fakim\n          WageningenPOTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa\/Ressources v\u00e9g\u00e9tales de l'Afrique tropicale)"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Senna singueana (Del.) 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