{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T15:26:38Z","timestamp":1788621998703,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013091","name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013091","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Fasciola gigantica<\/jats:italic>, a tropical liver fluke, infects buffalo in Asian and African countries, causing significant economic losses and posing public health threats. The diagnostic of buffalo fascioliasis caused by <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic> is vital in fascioliasis control and preventation. The 22nd gel filtration chromatography fraction of <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic> Excretory-Secretory Products (<jats:italic>Fg<\/jats:italic>ESP), namely <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic> 22 (F22), which was used as a diagnostic antigen in indirect ELISA, has demonstrated great potential for fascioliasis diagnosing. In the absence of rapid diagnostic methods, the use of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip based on F22 was applied to detect <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic> infection in buffalo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present study, the 22<jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup> gel filtration chromatography fraction of <jats:italic>Fg<\/jats:italic>ESP (F22) was used as an antigen to establish the colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip (ICS). The nitrocellulose membrane was incubated with F22 at the test line (T line) and goat anti-mouse secondary antibody at the control line (C line). The mouse anti-buffalo secondary antibody 2G7 conjugated to colloidal gold particles was used as the detection system for line visualization. The strip was assembled and developed by optimizing reaction conditions. The sensitivity, specificity, stability, and early diagnostic value of the strip were evaluated employing buffalo-derived sera.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An immunochromatographic strip for the rapid detection of antibodies against <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>Fg<\/jats:italic>ICS was developed. The strip demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity tests confirmed positive results even when the positive reference serum was diluted 4,096 times. Except for one <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic>-positive serum that tested positive via <jats:italic>Fg<\/jats:italic>ICS, specificity tests confirmed no cross-reactivity with other positive sera of <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Babesia bovis<\/jats:italic>. The strip remained stable after storage at 4\u00b0C for up to 3 months. In infected buffalo, antibodies could be detected as early as 14\u201321 days post-infection. The detection of 17 positive sera yielded an 82.4% positive rate via <jats:italic>Fg<\/jats:italic>ICS vs. a 100.0% positive rate via ELISA based on <jats:italic>Fg<\/jats:italic>ESP. For <jats:italic>Fg<\/jats:italic>ICS, the 95% confidence interval of sensitivity was 84.8\u201395.4%, while specificity was 4.2\u201314.7%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The immunochromatographic strip <jats:italic>Fg<\/jats:italic>ICS developed in this study provides a simple and rapid method of <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic> antibody detection and infected buffalo monitoring in the field.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1004932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T10:54:59Z","timestamp":1663325699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Development of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip for the rapid detection of antibodies against Fasciola gigantica in buffalo"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangxin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengjiao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weikun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wende","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenda","family":"Di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.06.006","article-title":"A review on epidemiology, global prevalence and economical losses of fasciolosis in ruminants","volume":"109","author":"Mehmood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb Pathog."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.10.011","article-title":"Fascioliasis and fasciolopsiasis: current knowledge and future trends","volume":"134","author":"Mar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.09.008","article-title":"Fasciola species introgression: just a fluke or something more?","volume":"37","author":"Davies","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"Human Fascioliasis: Review Provides Fresh Perspectives on Infection and Control2020"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109585","article-title":"Identification of Fasciola spp. based on ITS-2 reveals the Fasciola gigantica infection in buffaloes in Nanning city, South China","volume":"300","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(96)00937-5","article-title":"Detection of circulating Fasciola gigantica antigen in experimental and natural infections of sheep with fasciolosis","volume":"65","author":"Guobadia","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1006\/mcpr.2002.0429","article-title":"A PCR-RFLP assay for the distinction between Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. Mol Cell","volume":"16","author":"Marcilla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Probes."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0915-5_4","article-title":"Fascioliasis","volume":"766","author":"Mas-Coma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-020-00177-3","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of Fasciola gigantica infection in buffaloes with native cathepsin-L proteases and recombinant cathepsin L1-D","volume":"65","author":"Andleeb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"key":"B10","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Preparation of Fasciola gigantica diagnostic antigen and the establishment and application of immunological diagnostic method for bovine fascioliasis"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.16431\/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.08.034","article-title":"Establishment of indirect ELISA for bovine fascioliasis diagnosis based on chromatographic component of Fasciola gigantica excretory-secretory products","volume":"48","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"China Anim Husbandry Vet Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2021.102311","article-title":"Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant Fasciola cathepsin L1 for the diagnosis of human fasciolosis caused by Fasciola hepatica\/gigantica hybrid type","volume":"82","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitol Int."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2010.01.001","article-title":"Development of an immunochromatographic strip for the detection of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O","volume":"165","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol Methods."},{"key":"B14","article-title":"Beijing Tianqizhixin Intellectual Property Agency Co. Ltd","volume-title":"Production and Application of IgG Monoclonal Antibody Against Buffalo","author":"Wu","year":"2022"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2005.07.003","article-title":"Humoral and cellular immune responses to Fasciola gigantica experimental infection in buffaloes","volume":"80","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.1.359-361.2004","article-title":"Development of an immunochromatographic test with recombinant EMA-2 for the rapid detection of antibodies against Babesia equi in Horses","volume":"42","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.05.016","article-title":"Development of two immunochromatographic tests for the serodiagnosis of bovine babesiosis","volume":"148","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.117","article-title":"Development of a rapid immunochromatographic test for simultaneous serodiagnosis of bovine babesioses caused by Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina","volume":"78","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2010.11.002","article-title":"Development of an immunochromatographic strip for the rapid detection of Toxoplasma gondii circulating antigens","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitol Int."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92034","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092034","article-title":"Preparation of colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip for detection of Paragonimiasis skrjabini","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-017-0297-z","article-title":"A novel colloidal gold immunochromatography assay strip for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica in domestic animals","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.4103\/2221-1691.262083","article-title":"Development of new lateral-flow immunochromatographic strip using colloidal gold and mesoporous silica nanoparticles for rapid diagnosis of active schistosomiasis","volume":"9","author":"Manal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Bio"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.18805\/ijar.B-3959","article-title":"Cloning and expression of Fasciola gigantica cathepsin-B recombinant proteins","volume":"55","author":"Raina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Anim Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.1004932\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T10:55:06Z","timestamp":1663325706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.1004932\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2022.1004932"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.1004932","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"article-number":"1004932"}}