{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:02:33Z","timestamp":1791997353330,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the behavior and thermal comfort of 20 Girolando cows (5\/8-H\/G), with light and dark coats, in the wettest period of the year, in Santar\u00e9m, Par\u00e1, Brazil, in pasture with access to shade, and plenty of drinking water and mineral salt. Animal behavior categories were computed for 12 h a day, on 3 days in a row, by trained observers. Three day shifts were considered: Morning (6:00 a.m. to 9:55 a.m.), Intermediate (10:00 a.m. to 01:55 p.m.) and Afternoon (2:00 p.m. to 05:55 p.m.). The Temperature Index (TI), the Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI) and the Comfort Index (CI) were calculated to measure thermal comfort. At all times studied, BGHI pointed that the environment was outside the thermal comfort zone. Dark-coated animals spent more 34.26% of the time in activities in the shade. The light-coated animals remained more 11.88% of the time in the sun, performing their natural behaviors. Both light and dark coat animals remained more 77 and 74.44% of the time in the sun, respectively. The behavior \u201cin the sun while grazing\u201d was the most evident, in both coats, in the studied shifts. The behaviors \u201cin the shade while walking\u201d and \u201cin the shade while standing idle\u201d were more evident (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01) in dark-coated cattle. The grazing behavior was higher in animals with dark coat (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). In all evaluated shifts, there was a positive correlation between the behavior \u201cin the sun while grazing\u201d with the CI (r = 0.44211; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0305). Behaviors performed in the shade, such as \u201cidleness while lying down,\u201d \u201cruminating while lying down and standing up,\u201d and behaviors \u201cin the sun,\u201d \u201cidleness while lying down\u201d and \u201cruminating while lying down,\u201d were negatively correlated with CI. It is concluded that, even in the wettest period of the year, in the Eastern Amazon, Girolando dairy cows are exposed to hot environments, which causes thermal discomfort and changes in their natural behavior, as they spend more time standing in shaded areas, usually in rumination. Also, light-coated cows spend more time in the sun, while dark-coated cows spend more time in the shade. Thus, light-coated cows tend to have health and zootechnical performance negatively affected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1006093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T09:51:04Z","timestamp":1663149064000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Behavior and thermal comfort of light and dark coat dairy cows in the Eastern Amazon"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Welligton Concei\u00e7\u00e3o da","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9der Bruno Rebelo da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Roseane Pereira dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimundo Nonato 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