{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:10:57Z","timestamp":1787001057410,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study aimed to investigate the effects of honeysuckle extract (HE) on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, immune organ indexes, gut morphology, and gut microbes in geese. A total of 180 28-day-old Holdobaki geese were randomly divided into three groups. Each group contained 6 replicates (10 geese, with 5 males and 5 females). The BD group was fed the basal diet, the HE1 group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 1 g\/kg of HE, and the HE2 group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 2 g\/kg of HE. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed that, compared with the BD group, the average daily gain (ADG) of the HE1 and HE2 groups tended to increase (0.05 &amp;lt; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.10), but the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and final body weight (BW) did not differ significantly, and the feed\/gain ratio (F\/G) was significantly lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01). The bursa index and the thymus index tended to increase (0.05 &amp;lt; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.10), and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels increased significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). In the HE1 and HE2 groups, the crypt depth (CD) in the jejunum tended to decrease (0.05 &amp;lt; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.10), and the villus height\/crypt depth ratio (V\/C) increased significantly in the jejunum and the ileum (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). According to 16sRNA microbial community diversity analysis, <jats:italic>Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic> were the dominant phyla. The abundance of <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> was significantly decreased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01), while that of <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic> was significantly increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01), in the HE1 and HE2 groups compared with the BD group. <jats:italic>Bacteroides barnesiae, Subdoligranulum variabile, Bacteroides plebeius<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii<\/jats:italic> were the dominant species, and the abundance of <jats:italic>B. plebeius<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>F. prausnitzii<\/jats:italic> was significantly increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). According to the LEfSe analysis, BD enriched <jats:italic>g_Dorea<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>g_Dehalobacterium<\/jats:italic>; HE1 enriched g_<jats:italic>Faecalibacterium, g_Dialister, g_Prevotella, g_Megamonas, g_Phascolarctobacterium, g_Paraprevotella, g_Anaerostipes, g_Staphylococcus, g_Odoribacter, g_Succinivibrio<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>g_Sutterella<\/jats:italic>; and HE2 enriched g_<jats:italic>Parabacteroides, g_Olsenella, g_human<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>g_Rikenella<\/jats:italic>. According to the Spearman correlation analysis, <jats:italic>Bacteroides plebeius<\/jats:italic> was positively correlated with final BW, ADG, IgA, IgG, VH (ileum), and V\/C (ileum) and was negatively correlated with F\/G and CD (ileum); <jats:italic>Ruminococcus gnavus<\/jats:italic> was negatively correlated with final BW, ADG, IgA, and IgG. HE supplementation at 1 g\/kg improved growth performance, immune performance, gut morphology, and cecal microbes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1006318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T08:30:28Z","timestamp":1667464228000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Supplementation with honeysuckle extract improves growth performance, immune performance, gut morphology, and cecal microbes in geese"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Guangquan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianze","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunzhou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoming","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daqian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2005.02.037","article-title":"Analytical strategies for residue analysis of veterinary drugs and growth-promoting agents in food-producing animals\u2013a review","volume":"1067","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.19.243501","article-title":"Reducing antibiotic use in livestock, China","volume":"98","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull W H O"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.101852","article-title":"Dietary inclusion of Achyranthes japonica extract to corn-soybean meal-wheat-based diet on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, cecal microflora, excreta noxious gas emission, and meat quality of broiler chickens","volume":"101","author":"Muniyappan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2022.104931","article-title":"Effect of dietary Pinus densiflora bark extract on activity and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzyme in weaning piglets","volume":"260","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lives Sci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2013.09.008","article-title":"Effects of Radix Bupleuri extract supplementation on lactation performance and rumen fermentation in heat-stressed lactating Holstein cows","volume":"187","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1515\/abm-2020-0004","article-title":"Variation in contents of active components and antibacterial activity in different parts of Thunb","volume":"14","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Biomed."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25030749","article-title":"Health properties and composition of honeysuckle berry Lonicera caerulea L. 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