{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T12:07:49Z","timestamp":1768824469736,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Seroprevalence studies showed that brucellosis is prevalent in cattle in Rwanda with no recent study on the characterization of <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. in seropositive herds of cattle farmed at the wildlife\u2013livestock\u2013human interface. Whole blood samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 118), milk (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 41), and vaginal swabs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 51) were collected from 64 seropositive herds. All samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 210) were inoculated onto modified Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria (CITA) selective medium. Cultures were analyzed to detect <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. using 16S\u221223S ribosomal DNA interspacer region (ITS) PCR, the <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> cultures were speciated using AMOS and Bruce-ladder PCR assays. <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. were detected in 16.7% (35\/210) of the samples established from the samples using ITS-PCR. The AMOS PCR assay identified mixed <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6), <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7), and <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1) from cultures from blood samples; mixed <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1) and <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4) from cultures from milk samples; mixed <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6), <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8), and <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1) from cultures from vaginal swabs. Bruce-ladder PCR assay confirmed <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> cultures. The isolation of <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. was significantly associated with districts, with the Nyagatare district having more isolates than other districts (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01). This study identified single or mixed <jats:italic>B. abortus and B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> infections in cattle samples in Rwanda, which emphasizes the need to improve brucellosis control at the wildlife\u2013livestock\u2013human interface and raise the awareness of cattle keepers, abattoir workers, laboratory personnel, and consumers of cattle products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1017851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T07:39:14Z","timestamp":1665473954000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Molecular characterization of Brucella spp. from seropositive herds of cattle farmed at the wildlife\u2013livestock\u2013human interface in Rwanda"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jean Bosco","family":"Ntivuguruzwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis Babaman","family":"Kolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Gashururu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evodie","family":"Uwibambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vestine","family":"Musanayire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelique","family":"Ingabire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Umurerwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emil Ivan","family":"Mwikarago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henriette","family":"van Heerden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"355","article-title":"Brucellosis (Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, and Brucella suis)","volume-title":"Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2021. 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