{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T19:01:50Z","timestamp":1788807710756,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a great threat to the intestinal health of broilers, resulting in decreased growth performance and significant economic losses. <jats:italic>Lactobacillus fermentum<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>LF<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus paracasei<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>LP<\/jats:italic>) exert beneficial effects on intestinal health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary <jats:italic>LF<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>LP<\/jats:italic> on the intestinal health and growth performance of broilers challenged with coccidia and <jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic> (CCP). The animal trial was carried out using 336 broilers (Ross 308) for 35 days with a completely randomized design. The broilers were divided into 4 groups based on treatment as follows: the control (CTR) group was fed the basal diet and without CCP challenge and the CCP group was fed the basal diet and with CCP challenge. The broilers in the CCP+<jats:italic>LF<\/jats:italic> and CCP+<jats:italic>LP<\/jats:italic> groups were challenged by CCP, and meanwhile, <jats:italic>LF<\/jats:italic> (1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> CFU\/g) and <jats:italic>LP<\/jats:italic> (1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> CFU\/g) were supplemented into the basal diets, respectively. The results showed that the growth performance and the intestinal morphology were negatively affected by the CCP challenge. In addition, the number of coccidia in the intestinal digesta and the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> in the cecal digesta were increased. Besides, the mRNA level of <jats:italic>IgA<\/jats:italic> in the jejunum was downregulated, and the transcript level of <jats:italic>IL-8<\/jats:italic> was upregulated by the CCP challenge. Dietary <jats:italic>LF<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>LP<\/jats:italic> failed to improve the growth performance of broilers with the CCP challenge. However, they were beneficial for intestinal barrier function. In addition, dietary <jats:italic>LF<\/jats:italic> was able to alleviate the downregulation of <jats:italic>TGF-<\/jats:italic>\u03b2 mRNA level in the spleen with CCP challenge and decreased the lesion scores compared with the CCP group. Furthermore, dietary <jats:italic>LP<\/jats:italic> alleviated the upregulation of the <jats:italic>IL-8<\/jats:italic> mRNA level in the jejunum with CCP challenge and reduced the number of coccidia in the ileal digesta. In conclusion, dietary <jats:italic>LF<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>LP<\/jats:italic> failed to mitigate the negative effects of CCP infection on growth performance; however, they were able to improve the intestinal health of broilers challenged with CCP by strengthening the intestinal barrier and alleviating inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1025677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T06:19:06Z","timestamp":1671085146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Dietary Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus paracasei improve the intestinal health of broilers challenged with coccidia and Clostridium 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