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Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The <jats:italic>Spirometra mansoni<\/jats:italic> is a neglect medical tapeworm, its plerocercoid larvae can parasitize in humans and animals, causing sparganosis. In this study, 17 new members of the glutathione transferase (GST) family were sequenced and characterized in <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>. Clustering analysis displayed the categorization of SmGSTs into two main clades. RT-qPCR illustrated that 7 GST genes were highly expressed in the plerocercoid stage while 8 GSTs were highly expressed in the adult. rSmGST has the typical C- and N-terminal double domains of glutathione transferase. Immunolocalization revealed that natural SmGST is mainly located in the epidermis and parenchyma of plerocercoid, and in the epidermis, parenchyma, uterus and egg shell of adult worm. The optimum activity for rSmGST was found to be pH 6.5 and 25\u00b0C. The evolutionary tree showed a high level of diversity of cestodes GSTs. SmGSTs contained both conserved family members and members in the process of further diversification. The findings in this study will lay a foundation to better explore the underlying mechanisms of GSTs involved in <jats:italic>Spirometra<\/jats:italic> tapeworms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1035767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T09:06:52Z","timestamp":1667380012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Molecular characteristics of glutathione transferase gene family in a neglect medical Spirometra tapeworm"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Wen Qing","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sha Sha","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong Quan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0008019","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008019","article-title":"Large-scale survey of a neglected agent of sparganosis Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in wild frogs in China","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00133-4","article-title":"Human sparganosis, a neglected food borne zoonosis","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1036","article-title":"Sparganosis (Spirometra) in Europe in the Molecular Era","volume":"72","author":"Kuchta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2022009","article-title":"Genetic interrelationships of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea), the causative agent of sparganosis in Europe","volume":"29","author":"Cisovsk \u00e1 Bazsalovicsov\u00e1","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasite."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30218-X","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of human sparganosis","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106483","article-title":"Transcriptome profiling of plerocercoid and adult developmental stages of the neglected medical tapeworm Spirometra erinaceieuropaei","volume":"232","author":"Liu","year":"2022"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.05.010","article-title":"Identification of novel glutathione transferases in Echinococcus granulosus. 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