{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:42:16Z","timestamp":1787161336974,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32172775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172775"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal nucleotide (NT) supplementation on intestinal morphology and immune function in lipopolysaccharide-challenged newborn piglets. At 85 d gestation, 12 sows were selected and assigned to two groups: the CON group (basal diet,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 6) and the NT group (basal diet with 1 g\/kg NT mixture,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 6). After parturition, newborn piglets were collected without suckling. Piglets from the CON group were intraperitoneally injected with sterile saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg\/kg body weight), and divided into the C-CON (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 6) and C-LPS groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 6). Piglets from the NT group received the same treatment and were divided into the N-CON (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 6) and N-LPS groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 6). The blood and small intestinal samples of piglets were collected 1 h after injection. The results showed that: (1) maternal NT supplementation increased the concentrations of serum complement C3 and C4 (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05), and suppressed the increase in serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein in LPS-challenged newborn piglets (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05); (2) maternal NT supplementation increased the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the duodenum of newborn piglets (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05) and inhibited the LPS-induced decrease in the villus height in the jejunum and ileum (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05). (3) The LPS-induced increased levels of interleukin-6 in the jejunum and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in the ileum of newborn piglets were suppressed by maternal NT supplementation (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05). (4) In the jejunum of newborn piglets, maternal NT supplementation inhibited the LPS-induced increase in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA and protein expression (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05) and the decrease of nuclear factor-\u03baB inhibitor \u03b1 (I\u03baB\u03b1) protein expression (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05). In the ileum, piglets had a lower nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF\u03baB) mRNA expression in the NT groups than the CON groups (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05), and maternal NT supplementation suppressed the decrease of I\u03baB\u03b1 mRNA in LPS-treated piglets (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, maternal NT supplementation could promote the intestinal development and immune function of newborn piglets, and may improve LPS-induced intestinal inflammatory responses\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    the TLR4\/I\u03baB\u03b1\/NF\u03baB pathway.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1043842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:46:52Z","timestamp":1666745212000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Maternal nucleotide supplementation improves the intestinal morphology and immune function in lipopolysaccharide-challenged newborn 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