{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T11:34:15Z","timestamp":1793532855308,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A considerable range expansion of\n                    <jats:italic>Dermacentor reticulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been observed in several European countries, which is concerning in the light of its vector function for several pathogens, including\n                    <jats:italic>Babesia canis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). The present study provides an update on the distribution of\n                    <jats:italic>Dermacentor<\/jats:italic>\n                    ticks in Germany, using a citizen science approach. Ticks were collected by citizens from March 2020 to May 2021, and submitted along with information on the date and location of collection, potential hosts and details about the circumstances of discovery. In total, 3,292\n                    <jats:italic>Dermacentor<\/jats:italic>\n                    specimens were received, of which 76.4% (2,515\/3,292) were identified as\n                    <jats:italic>D. reticulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 23.0% (758\/3,292) as\n                    <jats:italic>D. marginatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while 0.6% (19\/3,292) were too damaged for species-level identification.\n                    <jats:italic>Dermacentor reticulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was received from all federal states of Germany. Maxent species distribution models predicted suitable environmental conditions for\n                    <jats:italic>D. reticulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    throughout Germany. Findings on the vegetation or on pastured animals without travel history confirmed the occurrence of this tick species as far north as the most northern German federal state Schleswig-Holstein. In contrast, the distribution of\n                    <jats:italic>D. marginatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    still appears to be limited to southwestern Germany, although the northward shift of the distribution limit observed in the preceding citizen science study, as compared with previous published distributions, was confirmed. This shift was also predicted by Maxent species distribution models, reflecting the broader distribution of the tick occurrence data contributed by citizens. Most\n                    <jats:italic>D. reticulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ticks were found on dogs (1,311\/1,960, 66.9%), while\n                    <jats:italic>D. marginatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was mainly discovered on hoofed animals (197\/621, 31.7%) and humans (182\/621, 29.3%). Human tick bites were reported in 0.7% (14\/1,960) of host-assigned\n                    <jats:italic>D. reticulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 3.4% (21\/621) of host-assigned\n                    <jats:italic>D. marginatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Further studies to investigate an increasing endemisation of\n                    <jats:italic>Babesia canis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Germany as well as the relevance of\n                    <jats:italic>D. reticulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    for TBEV spread throughout the country, e.g., by traveling dogs, are urgently needed. In view of the activity of\n                    <jats:italic>D. reticulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    during winter or the colder months, which complements that of\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a year-round tick protection of at least dogs is strongly recommended.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1044597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T02:11:01Z","timestamp":1667355061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Update and prognosis of Dermacentor distribution in Germany: Nationwide occurrence of Dermacentor reticulatus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Springer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Lindau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Probst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Drehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Fachet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Thoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Rose Vineer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Noll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Dobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Mackenstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Strube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593232","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/593232","article-title":"Effects of climate change on ticks and tick-borne diseases in Europe","volume":"2009","author":"Gray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-192","article-title":"Towards an integrated approach in surveillance of vector-borne diseases in Europe","volume":"4","author":"Braks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04758-7","article-title":"Monitoring the expansion of Dermacentor reticulatus and occurrence of canine babesiosis in Poland in 2016\u20132018","volume":"14","author":"Dwuznik-Szarek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.09.003","article-title":"Mapping of Dermacentor reticulatus expansion in Poland in 2012\u20132014","volume":"7","author":"Mierzejewska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.07.023","article-title":"Spatial distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus tick in Slovakia in the beginning of the 21st century","volume":"165","author":"Bullov\u00e1","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05242-6","article-title":"The distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus in the Czech Republic re-assessed: citizen science approach to understanding the current distribution of the Babesia canis vector","volume":"15","author":"Dan\u011bk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12235","article-title":"Distribution of the tick Dermacentor reticulatus in the United Kingdom","volume":"31","author":"Medlock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0841-2","article-title":"Novel foci of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks infected with Babesia canis and Babesia caballi in the Netherlands and in Belgium","volume":"8","author":"Jongejan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2006.01.013","article-title":"Evidence for an increased geographical distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus in Germany and detection of Rickettsia sp. 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