{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:48:31Z","timestamp":1793044111545,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32160835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160835"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to prevent pullorum disease and fowl typhoid in breeders, the use of oregano essential oil (OEO) was tested for the prevention and treatment of infections of multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>Salmonella pullorum<\/jats:italic> (SP) and <jats:italic>Salmonella gallinarum<\/jats:italic> (SG) in commercial Yellow-chicken breeders. In the challenge-protection experiment, commercial Hongguang-Black 1-day-old breeder chicks were randomly divided into four groups, including A (challenged, preventive dose), B (challenged, treatment dose), C (challenged, untreated), and D (unchallenged, untreated). Group A was supplemented with 200 \u03bcL\/L OEO in the drinking water during the whole trial (1-35 days of age) and group B was supplemented with 400 \u03bcL\/L OEO during 8\u201312 days of age, while groups C and D were kept as untreated controls. At 7 days of age, birds of groups A, B, and C were divided into two subgroups with equal number of birds (A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-B<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and C<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), and then subgroups A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, and C<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> were challenged with SP, while subgroups A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, B<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were challenged with SG. Clinical symptoms and death were observed and recorded daily. Every week during the experiment, serum antibodies against SP and SG of all the groups were detected by the plate agglutinate test (PAT). At the age of 35 days, all birds were weighed and necropsied, lesions were recorded and the challenging pathogens were isolated. The results showed that the positive rates of SP and SG isolation in groups A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, B<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were significantly lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) than those of groups C<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, respectively, while groups A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were slightly lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05) than those of groups B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and B<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. The average body weight (BW) of groups A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were significantly higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) than those of groups B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, B<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and C<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, respectively, but there was no significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05) with that of group D. The <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>-value between PAT positive and the recovery rates of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> was 0.99, which means they are highly positively correlated. The results of this study demonstrated that the prevention dose (200\u03bcL\/L) and the treatment dose (400 \u03bcL\/L) of OEO supplemented in the drinking water could all effectively decrease infections of SP and SG and that the effect of the prevention was greater than that of the treatment and finally that the prevention could also significantly reduce the BW decline of birds challenged with SP and SG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1058844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T15:40:51Z","timestamp":1671637251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The effect of oregano essential oil on the prevention and treatment of Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum infections in commercial Yellow-chicken breeders"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ziheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changcheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01831","article-title":"Comparison of 2 culture methods and PCR assays for Salmonella detection in poultry feces","volume":"91","author":"Soria","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01863","article-title":"One-step PCR detection of Salmonella pullorum\/gallinarum using a novel target: the flagellar biosynthesis gene flhB","volume":"7","author":"Xiong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.09.034","article-title":"An outbreak in three-yellow chickens with clinical tumors of high mortality caused by the coinfection of reticuloendotheliosis virus and Marek's disease virus: a speculated reticuloendotheliosis virus contamination plays an important role in the case","volume":"100","author":"Shi MY Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Challenge and development opportunity of quality chicken industry in China: a review about 9 issues on the topic","volume":"41","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin Poult."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2013.11.132","article-title":"Enzyme immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles electroposition and Streptavidin-biotin system for detection of S. pullorum and S gallinarum","volume":"117","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrochimica Acta"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450120054631","article-title":"Observations on the persistence and vertical transmission of Salmonella enterica, Serovars Pullorum, and Gallinarum in chickens: effect of bacterial and host genetic background","volume":"30","author":"Berchieri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"B7","first-page":"719","volume-title":"Disease of Poultry","author":"Swayne","year":"2018"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.05.039","article-title":"Differential identification of Salmonella enterica subsp. 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