{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T05:09:46Z","timestamp":1778044186611,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Avian reoviruses (ARV), an important pathogen of poultry, have received increasing interest lately due to their widespread occurrence, recognized genetic diversity, and association to defined disease conditions or being present as co-infecting agents. The efficient control measures require the characterization of the available virus strains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study describes an ARV collection comprising over 200 isolates from diagnostic samples collected over a decade from 34 countries worldwide. One hundred and thirty-six ARV isolates were characterized based on \u03c3C sequences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The samples represented not only arthritis\/tenosynovitis and runting-stunting syndrome, but also respiratory symptoms, egg production problems, and undefined disease conditions accompanied with increased mortality, and were obtained from broiler, layer or breeder flocks. In 31 percent of the cases other viral or bacterial agents were demonstrated besides ARV. The most frequent co-infectious agent was infectious bronchitis virus followed by infectious bursal disease virus and adenoviruses. All isolates could be classified in one of the major genetic clusters, although we observed marked discrepancies in the genotyping systems currently in use, a finding that made genotype assignment challenging. Reovirus related clinical symptoms could not be unequivocally connected to any particular virus strains belonging to a specific genetic group, suggesting the lack of strict association between disease forms of ARV infection and the investigated genetic features of ARV strains. Also, large genetic differences were seen between field and vaccine strains. The presented findings reinforce the need to establish a uniform, widely accepted molecular classification scheme for ARV and further, highlight the need for ARV strain identification to support more efficient control measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1094761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T06:56:44Z","timestamp":1673506604000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Identification of the main genetic clusters of avian reoviruses from a global strain collection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Edit","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e1ta","family":"Varga-Kugler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Mat\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zal\u00e1n","family":"Homonnay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T\u00edmea","family":"Tat\u00e1r-Kis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Szilvia","family":"Farkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kriszti\u00e1n","family":"B\u00e1nyai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vilmos","family":"Palya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.19.2.1237","article-title":"Avian reovirus infections","volume":"19","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-010-0550-z","article-title":"The genomic constellation of a novel avian orthoreovirus strain associated with runting-stunting syndrome in broilers","volume":"42","author":"Banyai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virus Genes."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1637\/10267-060712-Case.1","article-title":"Myocarditis in 9- and 11-day-old broiler breeder chicks associated with a reovirus infection","volume":"56","author":"Davis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-013-1739-y","article-title":"Detection and characterization of a divergent avian reovirus strain from a broiler chicken with central nervous system disease","volume":"158","author":"Dandar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Virol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101262","article-title":"Identification of a new reovirus causing substantial losses in broiler production in France, despite routine vaccination of breeders","volume":"172","author":"Troxler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Rec."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119421481.ch11","article-title":"Reovirus infections","volume-title":"Diseases of Poultry","author":"Jones","year":"2013"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2002067","article-title":"Classification of Dutch and German avian reoviruses by sequencing the sigma C protein","volume":"34","author":"Kant","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14727","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14727","article-title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of newly emerging avian reovirus variants and novel strains in Pennsylvania, USA, 2011-2014","volume":"5","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02743-8","article-title":"Phenotypic, genotypic and antigenic characterization of emerging avian reoviruses isolated from clinical cases of arthritis in broilers in Saskatchewan, Canada","volume":"7","author":"Ayalew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2019.1600656","article-title":"Pathogenicity and genomic characterization of a novel avian orthoreovius variant isolated from a vaccinated broiler flock in China","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1637\/12013-121418-Reg.1","article-title":"Partial molecular characterization and pathogenicity study of an avian reovirus causing tenosynovitis in commercial broilers","volume":"63","author":"Crispo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2020.1804528","article-title":"Genotypic characterization and molecular evolution of avian reovirus in poultry flocks from Brazil","volume":"49","author":"De Carli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2019.1654086","article-title":"Molecular characterization of avian reovirus causing tenosynovitis outbreaks in broiler flocks, Iran","volume":"49","author":"Mirbagheri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-013-1796-2","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing of a green bush viper reovirus reveals a shared evolutionary history between reptilian and unusual mammalian orthoreoviruses","volume":"159","author":"Banyai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Virol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36960","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36960","article-title":"Lineage diversification, homo- and heterologous reassortment and recombination shape the evolution of chicken orthoreoviruses","volume":"6","author":"Farkas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B16","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: A User-Friendly Biological Sequence Alignment Editor and Analysis Program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symp Ser."},{"key":"B17","first-page":"6","article-title":"Genedoc: a tool for editing and annotating multiple sequence alignments","volume":"2","author":"Nicholas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Multi Seq Align Shad utility."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10881","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.22.10881","article-title":"Multiple sequence alignment with hierarchical clustering","volume":"16","author":"Corpet","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","article-title":"MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0","volume":"30","author":"Tamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W7","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq291","article-title":"TranslatorX: multiple alignment of nucleotide sequences guided by amino acid translations","volume":"38","author":"Abascal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3550","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey239","article-title":"Pathological and molecular findings of avian reoviruses from clinical cases of tenosynovitis in poultry flocks from Brazil","volume":"97","author":"Souza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v90i0.1970","article-title":"Molecular detection of Mycoplasma synoviae and avian reovirus infection in arthritis and tenosynovitis lesions of broiler and breeder chickens in Santa Catarina State, Brazil","volume":"90","author":"Reck","year":"2019","journal-title":"J S Afr Vet Assoc."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00415-X","article-title":"Molecular evolution of avian reovirus: evidence for genetic diversity and reassortment of the S-class genome segments and multiple cocirculating lineages","volume":"314","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virology."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.07.012","article-title":"Molecular characterization of L class genome segments of a newly isolated turkey arthritis reovirus","volume":"27","author":"Mor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.01.005","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis, genomic diversity and classification of M class gene segments of turkey reoviruses","volume":"176","author":"Mor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45494-4","article-title":"Genotypic Characterization of emerging avian reovirus genetic variants in California","volume":"9","author":"Egana-Labrin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2020.1864808","article-title":"Emerging new avian reovirus variants from cases of enteric disorders and arthritis\/tenosynovitis in Brazilian poultry flocks","volume":"62","author":"De la Torre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086-65.3.346","article-title":"Genetic analysis of avian reovirus isolated from chickens in Japan","volume":"65","author":"Mase","year":"2021","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-12","article-title":"Molecular characterization of avian reovirus isolates in Tunisia","volume":"10","author":"Hellal Kort","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virol J."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.2307\/1591118","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo characterization of avian reoviruses. I pathogenicity and antigenic relatedness of several avian reovirus isolates","volume":"33","author":"Rosenberger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Avian Dis."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.1094761\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T06:56:47Z","timestamp":1673506607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.1094761\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2022.1094761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.1094761","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"article-number":"1094761"}}