{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T12:04:55Z","timestamp":1781093095668,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of coated sodium butyrate (CSB) and polysaccharides extracted from <jats:italic>Cordyceps cicadae<\/jats:italic> (CCP) on growth performance, intestinal tissue morphology and ileum microbiome in squabs. A total of 420 1-day-old squabs were randomly divided into seven groups with 5 replicates each and 12 squabs per replicate. The squabs were fed basal diet (control group) and basal diet supplemented with different levels of CSB (275, 550, and 1,100 mg\/kg, groups CSB-275, CSB-550, CSB-1100) and CCP (27.5, 55, and 110 mg\/kg, groups CCP-27.5, CCP-55, and CCP-110), respectively. The experiment was conducted for 28 days. The results revealed that the final BW and average daily gain concentration were higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) in squabs of CSB-275 and CCP-110 groups than those in the CON group. Comparing with control group, the squabs in the groups CSB-275, CSB-550, and CCP-55 obtained higher villus height\/crypt depth (VH\/CD) of the duodenum and higher VH of the jejunum (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Operational taxonomic units in the groups CSB-550 and CCP-27.5 were also increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Regarding the relative abundance of flora, the <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic> abundance in the groups CSB-550, CSB-1100, and CCP-55 were higher than in control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), and the <jats:italic>Aeriscardovia<\/jats:italic> abundance of CSB-275, CSB-550, CSB-1100, and CCP-110 were elevated (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). However, the <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> abundance in CSB-275, CSB-550, CSB-1100, and CCP-27.5 decreased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). In summary, results obtained in the present study indicate that CSB and CCP can improve growth performance, intestinal microbial balance and gut health of squabs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.813800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T08:09:15Z","timestamp":1646381355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of Coated Sodium Butyrate and Polysaccharides From Cordyceps cicadae on Intestinal Tissue Morphology and Ileal Microbiome of 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