{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T19:23:34Z","timestamp":1774380214991,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reproductive disorders induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) cause high economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. In this study, we aimed to phenotypically characterize a virulent PRRSV-1 subtype 1 isolate (AUT15-33) in a reproductive model. Furthermore, the protective effect of a heterologous modified live virus vaccine (ReproCyc\u00ae PRRS EU) was evaluated. In addition, PRRSV AUT15-33 was genotypically compared to other well-characterized isolates. Sixteen gilts were equally divided into four groups: a vaccinated and infected group (V\u2013I), a vaccinated and non-infected group (V\u2013NI), a non-vaccinated and infected group (NV\u2013I), and a non-vaccinated and non-infected (NV\u2013NI) group. After PRRSV infection on gestation day 84, all gilts were clinically examined on a daily basis, and blood samples were taken at five timepoints. Necropsy was performed 3 weeks after infection. The fetal preservation status was assessed, and PRRSV RNA concentrations were measured in the blood and tissue samples from all gilts and fetuses. After infection, all four gilts in the NV\u2013I group were viremic throughout 17 days post-infection (dpi), whereas two gilts in the V\u2013I group were viremic at only one timepoint at 6 dpi. The viral load was significantly higher in gilt serum, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, uterine lymph nodes, maternal endometrium, and fetal placenta of NV\u2013I gilts compared to the V\u2013I ones (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.05). Moreover, the preservation status of the fetuses derived from NV\u2013I gilts was significantly impaired (55.9% of viable fetuses) compared to the other groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.001). Upon comparison with other known isolates, the phylogenetic analyses revealed the closest relation to a well-characterized PRRSV-1 subtype 1 field isolate from Belgium. In conclusion, the high virulence of AUT15-33 was phenotypically confirmed in an experimental reproductive model. The vaccination of the gilts showed promising results in reducing viremia, fetal damage, and transplacental transmission of the PRRSV-1 strain characterized in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.820233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T12:30:12Z","timestamp":1649334612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Phenotypic Characterization of a Virulent PRRSV-1 Isolate in a Reproductive Model With and Without Prior Heterologous Modified Live PRRSV-1 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