{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:49:21Z","timestamp":1791236961675,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Isospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections are common in both wild and captive passerine species. Many bird species have been shown to have co-evolved with a particular species of\n                    <jats:italic>Isospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Disease can range from subclinical to severe and fatal, making infection and transmission of this parasite a concern for birds under managed care, particularly in institutions housing endangered species for breeding and reintroduction purposes. Whether birds in mixed-species enclosures represent a risk factor for severe isosporiasis due to infection with non-host-adapted strains is of concern for institutions managing these populations. To begin answering this question, we sought to characterize the host-specificity of\n                    <jats:italic>Isospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in a large number of passerine birds\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    retrospective sequencing of mitochondrial gene cytochrome\n                    <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    oxidase subunit I (COI). Despite outliers,\n                    <jats:italic>Isospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences largely grouped by host species and\/or host family. Additional research is warranted into the degree of interspecies transmission and host-switching of\n                    <jats:italic>Isospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    parasites, and risk factors for the development of severe disease in passerine birds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.847030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T06:37:53Z","timestamp":1656571073000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Mitochondrial Gene Diversity and Host Specificity of Isospora in Passerine Birds"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Steven V.","family":"Kubiski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmel","family":"Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer 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