{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:36:11Z","timestamp":1753893371570,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obese mice presented lower mortality to non-fatal pneumonia induced by <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>) than the non-obese mice. However, it remained obscure whether the intestine contributed to the protective effect of obese mice with infection. The 64 non-obese (NOB) mice were divided into NOB-uninfected and NOB-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> groups, while 64 high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice were divided into DIO-uninfected and DIO-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> groups. Mice in <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> groups were intranasally instilled with 40 \u03bcl <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (4.0 \u00d710<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> colony-forming units [CFUs]), while uninfected groups with the same volume of phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The T subsets of Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) in the intestine were collected for flow cytometry analysis at 0, 12, 24, and 72 h post-infection, also the duodenum and colon were harvested to survey histopathological change. The results showed that the percentage of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells in LPLs in DIO-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> group was significantly lower than that in the DIO-uninfected group after infection (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The percentage of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells in IELs in NOB-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> was significantly lower than that in DIO-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> after infection (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The percentage of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells in LPLs in NOB-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> was significantly lower than that in DIO-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> at 12 and 24 h (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The immunoglobulin A (IgA)<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in DIO-uninfected were higher than that in NOB-uninfected at all time points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The IgA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in DIO-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> were higher than that in DIO-uninfected at 12, 24, and 72 h (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The results revealed that the level of intestinal mucosal immunity in obese mice was more active than that in non-obese mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.851226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T13:18:15Z","timestamp":1654262295000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["More Active Intestinal Immunity Developed by Obese Mice Than Non-Obese Mice After Challenged by Escherichia 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