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Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>As obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites, ticks secrete a great diversity of antithrombin molecules during feeding. In this study, a novel antithrombin gene named <jats:italic>Doenitin-1<\/jats:italic> was characterized from the tick <jats:italic>Haemaphysalis doenitzi<\/jats:italic>. It has an open reading frame size of 426 bp; it encodes 141 amino acids and has a predicted molecular weight of 15.8 kDa. The fibrinogen coagulation test showed that the time of coagulation was increased significantly with increase in rDoenitin-1 protein concentration, and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) assays showed that rDoenitin-1 significantly prolonged the coagulation time of APTT, indicating that rDoenitin-1 has an anticoagulant activity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. In addition, rDoenitin-1 presents a significant inhibitory activity in thrombin and cathepsin G. The hemolysis rate of rDoenitin-1 in healthy human blood cells was 4.25%, and no obvious hemolysis activity was observed. The comparison with other life stages shows that the higher expression occurs in adults, and tissue comparison indicated a higher expression in the midgut. The RNAi results indicated that interference of <jats:italic>Doenitin-1<\/jats:italic> significantly reduced the engorgement rate and egg hatchability of <jats:italic>H. doenitzi<\/jats:italic>, and that the engorged body weight was slightly reduced. In conclusion, the results suggested that the novel gene <jats:italic>Doenitin-1<\/jats:italic> functions in blood-feeding of <jats:italic>H. doenitzi<\/jats:italic> and performs various functions during feeding and reproduction of <jats:italic>H. doenitzi<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Doenitin-1<\/jats:italic> may be a potential vaccine candidate for tick control and for developing new antithrombotic drugs in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.872244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T07:01:57Z","timestamp":1660114917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Doenitin-1: A novel Kunitz family protein with versatile functions during feeding and reproduction of the tick Haemaphysalis 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