{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T03:33:53Z","timestamp":1793072033746,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper analyzes the association between stress and immune response activations in different diseases, based on the salivary analytics. Moreover, a first attempt to discriminate between diseases was performed by principal component analysis. The salivary analytics consisted of the measurement of psychosocial stress (cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase) indicators, innate (acute phase proteins: C-reactive protein and haptoglobin), and adaptive immune (adenosine deaminase, Cu and Zn) markers and oxidative stress parameters (antioxidant capacity and oxidative status). A total of 107 commercial growing pigs in the field were divided into six groups according to the signs of disease after proper veterinary clinical examination, especially, healthy pigs, pigs with rectal prolapse, tail-biting lesions, diarrhea, lameness, or dyspnea. Associations between stress and immune markers were observed with different intensities. High associations (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>= 0.61) were observed between oxidative stress markers and adaptive immune markers. On the other hand, moderate associations (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>= 0.31\u20130.48) between psychosocial stress markers with both innate and adaptive immune markers were observed. All pathological conditions showed statistically significant differences in at least 4 out of the 11 salivary markers studied, with no individual marker dysregulated in all the diseases. Moreover, each disease condition showed differences in the degree of activation of the analyzed systems which could be used to create different salivary profiles. A total of two dimensions were selected through the principal component analysis to explain the 48.3% of the variance of our data. Lameness and rectal prolapse were the two pathological conditions most distant from the healthy condition followed by dyspnea. Tail-biting lesions and diarrhea were also far from the other diseases but near to healthy animals. There is still room for improvements, but these preliminary results displayed a great potential for disease detection and characterization using salivary biomarkers profiling in the near future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.881435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T09:36:56Z","timestamp":1655372216000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Connection Between Stress and Immune Status in Pigs: A First Salivary Analytical Panel for Disease Differentiation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Matas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. J.","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sotillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.2527\/1994.72102599x","article-title":"Heat and social stress effects on pig immune measures","volume":"72","author":"Morrow-Tesch","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1079\/PAVSNNR20116018","article-title":"Stress and Immunity in the Pig","volume":"6","author":"Kick","year":"2011","journal-title":"CAB Rev: Perspect Agric Vet Sci Nutr Nat Resour."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1997.0508","article-title":"Acute stress enhances while chronic stress suppresses cell-mediated immunity in vivo: a potential role for leukocyte trafficking","volume":"11","author":"Dhabhar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00064","article-title":"Psychosocial Stress and Immunity-What Can We Learn From Pig Studies?","volume":"12","author":"Gimsa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-1591(03)00085-0","article-title":"Consequences of repeated early isolation in domestic piglets (Sus scrofa) on their behavioural, neuroendocrine, and immunological responses","volume":"18","author":"Kanitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.02.004","article-title":"Good stress, bad stress and oxidative stress: insights from anticipatory cortisol reactivity","volume":"38","author":"Aschbacher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4240","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey407","article-title":"From oxidative stress to inflammation: redox balance and immune system","volume":"98","author":"Lauridsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2006.06.005","article-title":"Oxidants and antioxidants in disease: oxidative stress in farm animals","volume":"173","author":"Lykkesfeldt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2012.11.008","article-title":"proteins in infectious diseases of mammals","volume":"151","author":"Delgado-Ortega","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E81","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-538","article-title":"Making sense of apparently conflicting data: stress and immunity in swine and cattle","volume":"85","author":"Salak-Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.06.002","article-title":"Different stressors elicit different responses in the salivary biomarkers cortisol, haptoglobin, and chromogranin A in pigs","volume":"97","author":"Ott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2015.07.013","article-title":"Changes in saliva biomarkers of stress and immunity in domestic pigs exposed to a psychosocial stressor","volume":"102","author":"Escribano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2013.03.007","article-title":"Response of salivary haptoglobin and serum amyloid A to social isolation and short road transport stress in pigs","volume":"95","author":"Soler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas96-049","article-title":"Salivary vs. serum cortisol for the assessment of adrenal activity in swine","volume":"76","author":"Cook","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(93)90011-4","article-title":"Antibodies against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 in mucosal secretions and sera of infected pigs as demonstrated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"54","author":"Loftager","year":"1993","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2008.02.008","article-title":"Salivary alpha amylase and cortisol responses to different stress tasks: impact of sex","volume":"69","author":"van Stegeren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.7120\/09627286.24.1.015","article-title":"Eicher S, Marchant-Forde JN. An initial investigation into the effects of isolation and enrichment on the welfare of laboratory pigs housed in the PigTurn\u00ae system, assessed using tear staining, behaviour, physiology and haematology","volume":"24","author":"DeBoer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim Welf."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203715666140221115704","article-title":"A proteomic approach to porcine saliva","volume":"15","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Protein Pept Sci."},{"key":"B19","first-page":"577","article-title":"Recent advances and future prospects for the use of acute phase proteins as markers of diease in animals","volume":"151","author":"Eckersall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Revue Med Vet"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2021.100413","article-title":"A multi-herd study shows that saliva is more than a reflection of serum biomarkers in pigs","volume":"15","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animal."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870802000203","article-title":"Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in porcine oral fluid samples: a longitudinal study under experimental conditions","volume":"20","author":"Prickett","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.11.008","article-title":"Efficient surveillance of pig populations using oral fluids","volume":"104","author":"Ramirez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med."},{"key":"B23","unstructured":""},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13537","article-title":"Machine learning in health care and laboratory medicine: General overview of supervised learning and Auto-ML","volume":"1","author":"Rashidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.104749","article-title":"Machine-learning algorithms to identify key biosecurity practices and factors associated with breeding herds reporting PRRS outbreak","volume":"171","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11092665","article-title":"Behavioral monitoring tool for pig farmers: ear tag sensors, machine intelligence, and technology adoption roadmap","volume":"11","author":"Pandey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s223","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731120000312","article-title":"Review: Synergy between mechanistic modelling and data-driven models for modern animal production systems in the era of big data","volume":"14","author":"Ellis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animal."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000412","article-title":"Improving Bioscience Research Reporting: The ARRIVE Guidelines for Reporting Animal Research","author":"Kilkenny","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B29","unstructured":""},{"key":"B30","unstructured":"Real Decreto 53\/2013 de 1 de febrero por el que se establecen las normas b\u00e1sicas aplicables para la protecci\u00f3n de los animales utilizados en experimentaci\u00f3n y otros fines cient\u00edficos incluyendo la docencia"},{"key":"B31","unstructured":""},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Lang A-G. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 31: Tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00405","article-title":"Intact Tails as a Welfare Indicator in Finishing Pigs? Scoring of Tail Lesions and Defining Intact Tails in Undocked Pigs at the Abattoir","volume":"7","author":"Valros","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.10.003","article-title":"Circadian pattern of acute phase proteins in the saliva of growing pigs","volume":"196","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.6.691","article-title":"Evaluation of an immunoassay for determination of haptoglobin concentration in various biological specimens from swine","volume":"70","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0179299","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179299","article-title":"Easy and non-invasive disease detection in pigs by adenosine deaminase activity determinations in saliva","volume":"12","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-2245-6","article-title":"Analytical characterization of trace elements (zinc, copper, cadmium, lead and selenium) in saliva of pigs under common pathological conditions in the field: a pilot study","volume":"16","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0292","article-title":"The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of \u201cantioxidant power\u201d: the FRAP assay","volume":"239","author":"Benzie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal Biochem."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00032","article-title":"De la Cruz E, Guti\u00e9rrez AM. Porcine breed, sex, and production stage influence the levels of health status biomarkers in saliva samples","volume":"6","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-11-0230","article-title":"Total oxidant\/antioxidant status in sera of patients with thyroid cancers","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"Rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal Biochem."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11072002","article-title":"Tail-Biting in Pigs: A Scoping Review","volume":"11","author":"Henry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.7120\/09627286.22.3.331","article-title":"Stress measures in tail biters and bitten pigs in a matched case-control study","volume":"22","author":"Munsterhjelm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim Welf."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1177\/104063871102300213","article-title":"Validation of an automated method for salivary alpha-amylase measurements in pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) and its application as a stress biomarker","volume":"23","author":"Fuentes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2001.0605","article-title":"Tail biting in pigs","volume":"162","author":"Schr\u00f8der-Petersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731112000080","article-title":"Health and immune traits of Basque and Large White pigs housed in a conventional or enriched environment","volume":"6","author":"Merlot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Animal."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/2055-5660-1-2","article-title":"Save the pig tail","volume":"1","author":"Valros","year":"2015","journal-title":"Porcine Health Manag"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.02.021","article-title":"Tail biting induces a strong acute phase response and tail-end inflammation in finishing pigs","volume":"184","author":"Heinonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"B50","article-title":"Prolapses","volume-title":"Disease of Swine","author":"Smith","year":"2006"},{"key":"B51","first-page":"85","article-title":"Prolapse incidence in swine breeding herds is a cause for concern","volume":"7","author":"Supakorn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open J Vet Med."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2016.00108","article-title":"A Review of Pain Assessment in Pigs","volume":"3","author":"Ison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10051927","article-title":"Swine dysentery: aetiology, pathogenicity, determinants of transmission and the fight against the disease","volume":"10","author":"Alvarez-Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05323-0","article-title":"Experimental swine dysentery: comparison between infection models","volume":"53","author":"Jacobson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3032","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.12.3032-3039.1988","article-title":"Characterization of the major outer membrane antigens of Treponema hyodysenteriae","volume":"56","author":"Wannemuehler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600025641","article-title":"Animal-based measures for the assessment of welfare state of dairy cattle, pigs and laying hens: Consensus of expert opinion","volume":"12","author":"Whay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Animal Welfare."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2012.07.013","article-title":"Quantifying the impact of lameness on welfare and profitability of finisher pigs using expert opinions","volume":"149","author":"Jensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Livest Sci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2015.02.016","article-title":"A cross-sectional study on the prevalence and risk factors for foot and limb lesions in piglets on commercial farms in Ireland","volume":"119","author":"Quinn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.06.016","article-title":"The challenge of detecting herds sub-clinically infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae","volume":"206","author":"Gottschalk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-50","article-title":"Optimal combinations of acute phase proteins for detecting infectious disease in pigs","volume":"42","author":"Heegaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Res."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-0979-6","article-title":"Host-pathogen interplay at primary infection sites in pigs challenged with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae","volume":"13","author":"Sassu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0403","article-title":"Actinobacillus species and their role in animal disease","volume":"159","author":"Rycroft","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0491(97)00362-3","article-title":"The porcine acute phase response to infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, major acute phase protein and serum amyloid A protein are sensitive indicators of infection","volume":"119","author":"Heegaard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0161832","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161832","article-title":"Enriched Housing Reduces Disease Susceptibility to Co-Infection with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Virus (PRRSV) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae) in Young Pigs","volume":"11","author":"van Dixhoorn","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.10.026","article-title":"Psychosocial stress sensitizes neuroendocrine and inflammatory responses to Escherichia coli challenge in domestic piglets","volume":"68","author":"Tuchscherer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.04.007","article-title":"Le Floc'h N, Cer\u00f3n JJ, Merlot E. Effect of repeated administration of lipopolysaccharide on inflammatory and stress markers in saliva of growing pigs","volume":"200","author":"Escribano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0178487","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178487","article-title":"Effects of age and weaning conditions on blood indicators of oxidative status in pigs","volume":"12","author":"Buchet","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.881435\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T14:46:13Z","timestamp":1675867573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.881435\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2022.881435"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.881435","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"article-number":"881435"}}