{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:57:21Z","timestamp":1777633041852,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to reduce the negative effects caused by oxidative stress on broilers, it is particularly important to find ways to alleviate oxidative stress. As a natural plant extract, L-theanine has a variety of biological effects, such as improving antioxidant capacity, promoting growth, and enhancing immunity and antitumor. This trial evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of L-theanine on growth performance, antioxidation, meat quality, and intestinal microflora in 817 White Feather Broilers. A total of 108 21-day-old 817 broilers with similar body weight (BW) were randomly divided into three groups with six replicates per group and six chickens within each replicate. The three groups were corn-soybean-based diet (NC group); basal diet plus drinking water with 30 mg hydrocortisone\/kg (PC group); and basal diet supplemented with 400 mg L-theanine\/kg plus drinking water with 30 mg hydrocortisone\/kg (LT group). Compared with the NC group, from 21 to 24 days of age, the PC and LT groups had decreased BW, average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI), and increased feed to gain ratio (F\/G; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). At 24 days of age, the LT group had improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in serum as compared to the NC group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The LT group broilers also had significantly higher concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and liver (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). On the 42nd days, the PC group had lower PH<jats:sub>45min<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) than the NC and LT groups and higher cooking loss and shear force (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Moreover, the villi height of the PC group was significantly lower in jejunum than the NC group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The LT group had a higher ZO-1 content in duodenum than the NC and PC groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The activity of GSH-Px in the liver of the LT group was increased than in the PC group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The relative abundance of <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> in the LT group was significantly higher than in the NC and PC groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). These results suggested that the effects of acute oxidative stress on growth performance and meat quality of broilers are continuous, and dietary supplementation of L-theanine could improve the growth performance and meat quality, enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier and antioxidant capacity, and improve the composition of the intestinal flora of broilers caused by acute oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.889485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T15:47:15Z","timestamp":1656085635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of Dietary L-Theanine on Growth Performance, Antioxidation, Meat Quality, and Intestinal Microflora in White Feather Broilers With Acute Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Zixi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanfang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8070235","article-title":"Antioxidant defence systems and oxidative stress in poultry biology: an update","volume":"8","author":"Surai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731117000386","article-title":"Age-related oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in heat-stressed broilers","volume":"11","author":"Del Vesco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animal."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.11.029","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress impairs redox status and damages aerobic metabolism of breast muscle in broilers","volume":"100","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez525","article-title":"Dietary zinc source impacts intestinal morphology and oxidative stress in young broilers","volume":"99","author":"De Grande","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.08.082","article-title":"Effects of supplementation of DL-methionine on tissue and plasma antioxidant status during heat-induced oxidative stress in broilers","volume":"99","author":"Zeitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e60","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00060","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the poultry gut: potential challenges and interventions","volume":"6","author":"Mishra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa331","article-title":"Supplemental choline modulates growth performance and gut inflammation by altering the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in weaned piglets","volume":"151","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.07.016","article-title":"L-theanine: an astounding sui generis amino acid in poultry nutrition","volume":"99","author":"Saeed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13219","article-title":"Nutritional applications and beneficial health applications of green tea and l-theanine in some animal species: A review","volume":"104","author":"Alagawany","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i16.2841","article-title":"Oxidative stress, antioxidants and intestinal calcium absorption","volume":"23","author":"Diaz de Barboza","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10050659","article-title":"Plant feed additives as natural alternatives to the use of synthetic antioxidant vitamins on poultry performances, health, and oxidative status: a review of the literature in the last 20 years","volume":"10","author":"Righi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.18.0538","article-title":"Potential crosstalk of oxidative stress and immune response in poultry through phytochemicals - a review","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2014-0154","article-title":"The ameliorative effect of thymol against hydrocortisone-induced hepatic oxidative stress injury in adult male rats","volume":"93","author":"Aboelwafa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Cell Biol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2019.03.004","article-title":"Effects of phytonutrients on growth performance, antioxidative status, and energy utilization of broilers fed low energy diets","volume":"5","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.11.014","article-title":"Betaine improves growth performance, liver health, antioxidant status, breast meat yield, and quality in broilers fed a mold-contaminated corn-based diet","volume":"7","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.12.017","article-title":"Dietary squalene supplementation alleviates diquat-induced oxidative stress and liver damage of broiler chickens","volume":"100","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.04.029","article-title":"In vivo antioxidative effects of l-theanine in the presence or absence of Escherichia coli-induced oxidative stress","volume":"24","author":"Deng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.10192","article-title":"Effect of L-theanine on growth performance, intestinal development and health, and peptide and amino acid transporters expression of broilers","volume":"100","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10121995","article-title":"Dietary arginine supplementation improves intestinal mitochondrial functions in low-birth-weight piglets but not in normal-birth-weight piglets","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11092513","article-title":"Dietary copper improves intestinal morphology via modulating intestinal stem cell activity in pigs","volume":"11","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2019-0013","article-title":"The effects of deoxynivalenol (don) on the gut microbiota, morphology and immune system of chicken - a review","volume":"19","author":"Aguzey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Anim Sci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2019.07.010","article-title":"The substitution of humic material complex with mineral premix in diet and interaction of that with probiotic on performance, intestinal morphology and microflora of chickens","volume":"228","author":"Mohammadsadeghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Livest Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082169","article-title":"Effects of weaning age at 21 and 28 days on growth performance, intestinal morphology and redox status in piglets","volume":"11","author":"Ming","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-019-09947-8","article-title":"Effects of graded inclusion of bioactive peptides derived from sesame meal on the growth performance, internal organs, gut microbiota and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens","volume":"26","author":"Salavati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Pept Res Ther."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13062","article-title":"The effect of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on small intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory effect in heat-stressed broilers","volume":"103","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2021.2013857","article-title":"Effects of L-theanine on intestinal morphology, barrier function, and MAPK signaling pathways in diquat-challenged piglets","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Biotechnol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030817","article-title":"Dietary tryptophan levels impact growth performance and intestinal microbial ecology in weaned piglets via tryptophan metabolites and intestinal antimicrobial peptides","volume":"11","author":"Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108896","article-title":"Prolonged exposure to high humidity and high temperature environment can aggravate influenza virus infection through intestinal flora and Nod\/RIP2\/NF-kappa B signaling pathway","volume":"251","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.01.005","article-title":"Effect of gut microbiota early in life on aggressive behavior in mice","volume":"168","author":"Watanabe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci Res."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey394","article-title":"16S ribosomal RNA sequencing reveals a modulation of intestinal microbiome and immune response by dietary L-theanine supplementation in broiler chickens","volume":"98","author":"Saeed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2006.00193.x","article-title":"16S rRNA gene-based analysis of mucosa-associated bacterial community and phylogeny in the chicken gastrointestinal tracts: from crops to ceca","volume":"59","author":"Gong","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1707","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01707","article-title":"A combination of extreme environmental conditions favor the prevalence of endospore-forming firmicutes","volume":"7","author":"Filippidou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey393","article-title":"Effects of glucose oxidase on growth performance, gut function, and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens","volume":"98","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11080487","article-title":"Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of microbiota promotes chicken lipogenesis by altering metabolomics in the cecum","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5400","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160726123857","article-title":"Pharmacological targeting of the inflamed intestinal barrier","volume":"22","author":"Farkas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103663","article-title":"Protective effects of grape seed procyanidin extract on intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by a long-term high-fat diet","volume":"64","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Funct Foods."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92420","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.21367","article-title":"Dietary apple pectic oligosaccharide improves gut barrier function of rotavirus-challenged weaned pigs by increasing antioxidant capacity of enterocytes","volume":"8","author":"Mao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10010035","article-title":"Radical response: effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress on lipid metabolism in the avian liver","volume":"10","author":"Emami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.01.008","article-title":"L-Theanine alleviates the neuropathological changes induced by PCB (Aroclor 1254) via inhibiting upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in rat brain","volume":"42","author":"Sumathi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.05.002","article-title":"Dietary L-theanine alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced immunological stress in yellow-feathered broilers","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4648","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez164","article-title":"L-theanine attenuates transport stress-induced impairment of meat quality of broilers through improving muscle antioxidant status","volume":"98","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.10.036","article-title":"l-Theanine prevents alcoholic liver injury through enhancing the antioxidant capability of hepatocytes","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020462","article-title":"Influence of graded levels of l-theanine dietary supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, organs histomorphometry, blood chemistry and immune response of broiler chickens","volume":"19","author":"Saeed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13351","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13351","article-title":"Effect of L-theanine on meat quality, muscle amino acid profiles, and antioxidant status of broilers","volume":"91","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim Sci J."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.889485\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T15:47:18Z","timestamp":1656085638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.889485\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2022.889485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.889485","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"article-number":"889485"}}