{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T11:01:53Z","timestamp":1784026913110,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gut microbiota plays vital roles in metabolizing nutrient, maintaining the intestinal epithelial barrier but also in modulating immunity. Host genetics and the pig breed are implicated in shaping gut microbiota. Tibetan pig is a unique native Chinese breed and has evolved to manifest a strong disease resistance. However, the immunity and microbiota of growing Tibetan (TP) pigs were still rarely understood. The jejunal immunity phenotype and microbial composition of TP and Duroc \u00d7 (Landrace \u00d7 Yorkshire) (DLY) pigs were explored through immunohistochemistry and 16S rRNA sequencing. Higher scores of clusters of differentiation 4 (CD4+) and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) were observed in TP pigs than those of DLY pigs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), as were Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and zonular occludens 1 (ZO-1) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01). Similar levels of bacterial richness and diversity were found in the jejunal microbiota of the TP and DLY pigs. However, the TP pigs showed a significantly different microbiome compared to DLY pigs at the genus level (ANOSIM; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). <jats:italic>Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Phenylobacterium<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Sandaracinobacter<\/jats:italic> were enriched in DLY pigs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), while the <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Solibacillus<\/jats:italic> had higher abundances in TP pigs than DLY pigs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Tibetan pigs have \u201chealthier\u201d intestinal microbial communities than DLY pigs. Close relationships were found between jejunal immune performance and the differential bacteria, <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> can enhance porcine jejunal immunity, while <jats:italic>Stenotrophomonas<\/jats:italic> will have a negative impact on porcine gut immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.890585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T13:02:36Z","timestamp":1650891756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comparative Study on Jejunal Immunity and Microbial Composition of Growing-Period Tibetan Pigs and Duroc \u00d7 (Landrace \u00d7 Yorkshire) Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yuting","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongxiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanggang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyan","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2710","article-title":"Immune adaptations that maintain homeostasis with the intestinal microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Hooper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1535","article-title":"Gut microbiota-generated metabolites in animal health and disease","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600240","article-title":"Probiotics, gut microbiota, and their influence on host health and disease","volume":"61","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12567","article-title":"Gut microbiota: role in pathogen colonization, immune responses, inflammatory disease","volume":"279","author":"Pickard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Rev."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9081705","article-title":"Infection heterogeneity and microbiota differences in chicks infected by Salmonella enteritidis","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02948","article-title":"Selectived and reshaped early dominant microbial community in the cecum with similar proportions and better homogenization and species diversity due to organic acids as AGP alternatives mediate their effects on broilers growth","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.12.032","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis promotes growth performance of broilers by altering the dominant microbial community","volume":"100","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2014.09.005","article-title":"The small intestine microbiota, nutritional modulation and relevance for health","volume":"32","author":"El Aidy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18933","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007028107","article-title":"Individuality in gut microbiota composition is a complex polygenic trait shaped by multiple environmental and host genetic factors","volume":"107","author":"Benson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. 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