{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T18:10:00Z","timestamp":1776363000642,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acetate- and lactate-containing fluids influence the acid-base and electrolyte status. This prospective, randomized, clinical study compared two balanced crystalloid solutions regarding their influence on acid-base status, electrolytes, and lactate values, when given to dogs as a resuscitation bolus of 30 mL\/kg.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred client-owned dogs presenting to the emergency service with signs of fluid deficits were randomly assigned to receive an intravenous bolus of 30 mL\/kg of either a lactate- (LAC), or an acetate-containing solution (ACET). Before and after the bolus, vital parameters were assessed, and a venous blood gas analysis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both solutions performed equally well in decreasing the heart rate (ACET: \u221210 \u00b1 27 bpm, LAC: \u221212 \u00b1 30 bpm;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.737). The acetate-containing solution caused a significant decrease in plasma lactate levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.016), anion gap (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.001), and potassium (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.001), and a significant increase in chloride (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.001), and ionized calcium (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.014). The lactate-containing solution caused a significant decrease in anion gap (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.001), sodium (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.016), and potassium (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.001), and a significant increase in chloride (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.001). ACET causes a stronger decrease in plasma lactate (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.015), sodium (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.039), potassium (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.006), and an increase in chloride (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.001), and ionized calcium (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.016) compared to LAC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both solutions caused mild changes in electrolyte concentrations and had minor influence on acid-base status when used for bolus therapy in dogs with fluid deficits. Further studies are needed to evaluate their influence on acid-base status, lactate, and electrolytes when used in larger volumes and for a longer time span.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.903091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T08:06:50Z","timestamp":1659082010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Influence of acetate- vs. lactate-containing fluid bolus therapy on acid-base status, electrolytes, and plasma lactate in dogs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ute","family":"Klein-Richers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Heitland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"D\u00f6rfelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Small Animal Critical Care Medicine","author":"Silverstein","year":"2015"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2008.00286.x","article-title":"Lactate: physiology and clinical utility","volume":"18","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care."},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice","author":"DiBartola","year":"2012"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"986","volume-title":"Hypovolemia. 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